COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study
Objectives This study evaluates the perceived severity of and susceptibility to COVID-19 among public transportation drivers and users after lifting COVID-19 restrictions in Lebanon. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Data was collected through face-to-face survey questionnaires. Proportion...
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| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , , , , |
| التنسيق: | article |
| منشور في: |
2025
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| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://hdl.handle.net/10725/17464 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2025.102149 http://libraries.lau.edu.lb/research/laur/terms-of-use/articles.php https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214140525001690 |
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| _version_ | 1864513475244457984 |
|---|---|
| author | Salam, Mahmoud |
| author2 | El Chaar, Wael Mansour, Maha Al Hadi Assaf, Ali Kamel, Alaa Itani, Abdul Rahman Bader, Zahra Shan Khattar, Jennifer |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Salam, Mahmoud El Chaar, Wael Mansour, Maha Al Hadi Assaf, Ali Kamel, Alaa Itani, Abdul Rahman Bader, Zahra Shan Khattar, Jennifer |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Salam, Mahmoud El Chaar, Wael Mansour, Maha Al Hadi Assaf, Ali Kamel, Alaa Itani, Abdul Rahman Bader, Zahra Shan Khattar, Jennifer |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-11-05T09:54:57Z 2025-11-05T09:54:57Z 2025 2025-10 |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 2214-1405 http://hdl.handle.net/10725/17464 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2025.102149 Salam, M., El Chaar, W., Mansour, M., Assaf, A. A. H., Kamel, A., Itani, A. R., ... & Khattar, J. (2025). COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Transport & Health, 44, 102149. http://libraries.lau.edu.lb/research/laur/terms-of-use/articles.php https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214140525001690 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | en |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | Journal of Transport & Health |
| dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| description | Objectives This study evaluates the perceived severity of and susceptibility to COVID-19 among public transportation drivers and users after lifting COVID-19 restrictions in Lebanon. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Data was collected through face-to-face survey questionnaires. Proportionate sampling method was used to recruit 854 public transportation drivers and users between August and October of 2024 from various Lebanese governorates (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North, South and Beqaa). An Arabic anonymous questionnaire was used to measure participants' characteristics, COVID-19 risk perceptions, and users' preferences, guided by the Health Belief Model and Oliver's Expectation Disconfirmation theory. Descriptive statistics, Students' t-test, Mann Whitney test, and linear regression analyses were performed (statistical significance was set at P < 0.025). Results The perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 scores were significantly higher among public transportation users (3.3/5) compared to drivers (3.1/5), P = 0.015. Public transportation users felt at higher risk of getting COVID-19 while using vans/buses (51.5 %, n = 201) compared to taxi cabs (39.4 %, n = 155). They preferred if drivers disinfect their vehicles (76.5 %), preferred sharing a ride with others who wear a face mask (71.4 %), preferred if drivers wear masks (69.7 %), preferred if the transport vehicle had a protective shield (65.5 %), and preferred drivers who get vaccinated against COVID-19 (58.8 %). They disagreed that there is a need for a mandate to vaccinate drivers against COVID-19 (59.6 %). Public transportation users not having a health insurance, those who wear a face mask during a ride, and being unemployed reported higher perceived severity to or susceptibility toward COVID-19. Among drivers, being married, receiving COVID-19 vaccine, wearing a face mask, and performing physical activities were associated with higher perceived severity to or susceptibility towards COVID-19. Conclusions Findings in this study aid in persuading public transportation drivers to better comply with precautionary measures against COVID-19, thus promoting a safer public transportation system. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | LAURepo_aefac243a458b7f9a0b500a8e313362d |
| identifier_str_mv | 2214-1405 Salam, M., El Chaar, W., Mansour, M., Assaf, A. A. H., Kamel, A., Itani, A. R., ... & Khattar, J. (2025). COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Transport & Health, 44, 102149. |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | LAURepo |
| network_name_str | Lebanese American University repository |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:laur.lau.edu.lb:10725/17464 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| spelling | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional studySalam, MahmoudEl Chaar, WaelMansour, MahaAl Hadi Assaf, AliKamel, AlaaItani, Abdul RahmanBader, Zahra ShanKhattar, JenniferObjectives This study evaluates the perceived severity of and susceptibility to COVID-19 among public transportation drivers and users after lifting COVID-19 restrictions in Lebanon. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Data was collected through face-to-face survey questionnaires. Proportionate sampling method was used to recruit 854 public transportation drivers and users between August and October of 2024 from various Lebanese governorates (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North, South and Beqaa). An Arabic anonymous questionnaire was used to measure participants' characteristics, COVID-19 risk perceptions, and users' preferences, guided by the Health Belief Model and Oliver's Expectation Disconfirmation theory. Descriptive statistics, Students' t-test, Mann Whitney test, and linear regression analyses were performed (statistical significance was set at P < 0.025). Results The perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 scores were significantly higher among public transportation users (3.3/5) compared to drivers (3.1/5), P = 0.015. Public transportation users felt at higher risk of getting COVID-19 while using vans/buses (51.5 %, n = 201) compared to taxi cabs (39.4 %, n = 155). They preferred if drivers disinfect their vehicles (76.5 %), preferred sharing a ride with others who wear a face mask (71.4 %), preferred if drivers wear masks (69.7 %), preferred if the transport vehicle had a protective shield (65.5 %), and preferred drivers who get vaccinated against COVID-19 (58.8 %). They disagreed that there is a need for a mandate to vaccinate drivers against COVID-19 (59.6 %). Public transportation users not having a health insurance, those who wear a face mask during a ride, and being unemployed reported higher perceived severity to or susceptibility toward COVID-19. Among drivers, being married, receiving COVID-19 vaccine, wearing a face mask, and performing physical activities were associated with higher perceived severity to or susceptibility towards COVID-19. Conclusions Findings in this study aid in persuading public transportation drivers to better comply with precautionary measures against COVID-19, thus promoting a safer public transportation system.Published2025-11-05T09:54:57Z2025-11-05T09:54:57Z20252025-10Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article2214-1405http://hdl.handle.net/10725/17464https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2025.102149Salam, M., El Chaar, W., Mansour, M., Assaf, A. A. H., Kamel, A., Itani, A. R., ... & Khattar, J. (2025). COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Transport & Health, 44, 102149.http://libraries.lau.edu.lb/research/laur/terms-of-use/articles.phphttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214140525001690enJournal of Transport & Healthinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:laur.lau.edu.lb:10725/174642025-11-05T09:54:57Z |
| spellingShingle | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study Salam, Mahmoud |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study |
| title_short | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | COVID-19 risk perceptions among public transportation drivers and users in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10725/17464 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2025.102149 http://libraries.lau.edu.lb/research/laur/terms-of-use/articles.php https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214140525001690 |