Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan
<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">With one in every 20 Pakistanis already infected, Pakistan has the second largest number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections globally. The aim of this study was to present a quantitative and analytical characterization of the HCV epidemic...
محفوظ في:
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , |
| منشور في: |
2019
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إضافة وسم
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| _version_ | 1864513513996681216 |
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| author | Sarwat Mahmud (4557208) |
| author2 | Zaina Al Kanaani (5018198) Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Sarwat Mahmud (4557208) Zaina Al Kanaani (5018198) Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Sarwat Mahmud (4557208) Zaina Al Kanaani (5018198) Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2019-09-14T03:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1186/s12879-019-4403-7 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Characterization_of_the_hepatitis_C_virus_epidemic_in_Pakistan/25904422 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Health sciences Epidemiology Public health HCV Hepatitis C Pakistan Province Genotype Prevalence Epidemic |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">With one in every 20 Pakistanis already infected, Pakistan has the second largest number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections globally. The aim of this study was to present a quantitative and analytical characterization of the HCV epidemic in Pakistan.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">A standardized database of HCV antibody incidence and prevalence and HCV genotypes in all subpopulations was systematically assembled. Random-effects meta-analyses and random-effects meta-regressions were performed. Shannon Diversity Index was calculated to determine genotype diversity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">The database included two incidence, 309 prevalence, and 48 genotype measures. Pooled mean HCV prevalence ranged between 7.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.8–8.3%) in Sindh and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.1–2.4%) in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (F.A.T.A). Estimated number of chronically-infected persons ranged between 4.2 million in Punjab and 0.03 million in F.A.T.A. HCV prevalence was stable over time [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.0 (95% CI: 1.0–1.0)]. Population classification was the strongest predictor of HCV prevalence, explaining 51.8% of prevalence variation. Relative to the general population, HCV prevalence was higher in people who inject drugs [AOR of 23.8 (95% CI: 13.0–43.6)], populations with liver-related conditions [AOR of 22.3 (95% CI: 15.7–31.6)], and high-risk clinical populations [AOR of 7.8 (95% CI: 4.8–12.7)]. Low genotype diversity was observed (Shannon diversity index of 0.67 out of 1.95; 34.5%). There were only minor differences in genotype diversity by province, with genotype 3 being most common in all provinces.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">Pakistan’s HCV epidemic shows homogeneity across the provinces, and over time. HCV prevalence is strikingly persistent at high level, with no evidence for a decline over the last three decades. Scale up of HCV treatment and prevention is urgently needed.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4403-7" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4403-7</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_01bc9913fe54b7b8ab5e2ccbf0c00b27 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1186/s12879-019-4403-7 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/25904422 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in PakistanSarwat Mahmud (4557208)Zaina Al Kanaani (5018198)Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524)Health sciencesEpidemiologyPublic healthHCVHepatitis CPakistanProvinceGenotypePrevalenceEpidemic<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">With one in every 20 Pakistanis already infected, Pakistan has the second largest number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections globally. The aim of this study was to present a quantitative and analytical characterization of the HCV epidemic in Pakistan.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">A standardized database of HCV antibody incidence and prevalence and HCV genotypes in all subpopulations was systematically assembled. Random-effects meta-analyses and random-effects meta-regressions were performed. Shannon Diversity Index was calculated to determine genotype diversity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">The database included two incidence, 309 prevalence, and 48 genotype measures. Pooled mean HCV prevalence ranged between 7.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.8–8.3%) in Sindh and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.1–2.4%) in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (F.A.T.A). Estimated number of chronically-infected persons ranged between 4.2 million in Punjab and 0.03 million in F.A.T.A. HCV prevalence was stable over time [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.0 (95% CI: 1.0–1.0)]. Population classification was the strongest predictor of HCV prevalence, explaining 51.8% of prevalence variation. Relative to the general population, HCV prevalence was higher in people who inject drugs [AOR of 23.8 (95% CI: 13.0–43.6)], populations with liver-related conditions [AOR of 22.3 (95% CI: 15.7–31.6)], and high-risk clinical populations [AOR of 7.8 (95% CI: 4.8–12.7)]. Low genotype diversity was observed (Shannon diversity index of 0.67 out of 1.95; 34.5%). There were only minor differences in genotype diversity by province, with genotype 3 being most common in all provinces.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">Pakistan’s HCV epidemic shows homogeneity across the provinces, and over time. HCV prevalence is strikingly persistent at high level, with no evidence for a decline over the last three decades. Scale up of HCV treatment and prevention is urgently needed.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4403-7" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4403-7</a></p>2019-09-14T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1186/s12879-019-4403-7https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Characterization_of_the_hepatitis_C_virus_epidemic_in_Pakistan/25904422CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/259044222019-09-14T03:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan Sarwat Mahmud (4557208) Health sciences Epidemiology Public health HCV Hepatitis C Pakistan Province Genotype Prevalence Epidemic |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan |
| title_full | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan |
| title_short | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan |
| title_sort | Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan |
| topic | Health sciences Epidemiology Public health HCV Hepatitis C Pakistan Province Genotype Prevalence Epidemic |