Interventions and impact of pharmacist-delivered services in perioperative setting on clinically important outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">The perioperative arena is a unique and challenging environment that requires coordination of the complex processes and involvement of the entire care team. Pharmacists’ scope of practice has been evolving to be patient-centered and to expa...
محفوظ في:
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , |
| منشور في: |
2024
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| الوسوم: |
إضافة وسم
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| الملخص: | <h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">The perioperative arena is a unique and challenging environment that requires coordination of the complex processes and involvement of the entire care team. Pharmacists’ scope of practice has been evolving to be patient-centered and to expand to variety of settings including perioperative settings.</p><h3>Objectives</h3><p dir="ltr">To critically appraise, synthesize, and present the available evidence of the characteristics and impact of pharmacist-led interventions on clinically important outcomes in the perioperative settings.</p><h3>Design</h3><p dir="ltr">A systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">We searched PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL from index inception to September 2023. Included studies compared the effectiveness of pharmacist-led interventions on clinically important outcomes (e.g. length of stay, readmission) compared to usual care in perioperative settings. Two independent reviewers extracted the data using the DEPICT-2 (Descriptive Elements of Pharmacist Intervention Characterization Tool) and undertook quality assessment using the Crowe Critical Appraisal (CCAT). A random-effect model was used to estimate the overall effect [odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous and standard mean difference (SMD) for continuous data] with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">Twenty-five studies were eligible, 20 (80%) had uncontrolled study design. Most interventions were multicomponent and continuous over the perioperative period. The intervention components included clinical pharmacy services (e.g. medication management/optimization, medication reconciliation, discharge counseling) and education of healthcare professionals. While some studies provided a minor description in regards to the intervention development and processes, only one study reported a theoretical underpinning to intervention development. Pooled analyses showed a significant impact of pharmacist care compared to usual care on length of stay (11 studies; SMD −0.09; 95% CI −0.49 to −0.15) and all-cause readmissions (8 studies; OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.39–0.91). The majority of included studies (<i>n</i> = 21; 84%) were of moderate quality.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">Pharmacist-led interventions are effective at improving clinically important outcomes in the perioperative setting; however, most studies were of moderate quality. Studies lacked the utilization of theory to develop interventions; therefore, it is not clear whether theory-derived interventions are more effective than those without a theoretical element. Future research should prioritize the development and evaluation of multifaceted theory-informed pharmacist interventions that target the whole surgical care pathway.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420986241260169" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420986241260169</a></p> |
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