The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
<p dir="ltr">Exogenous and endogenous damage to the DNA is inevitable. Several DNA repair pathways including base excision, nucleotide excision, mismatch, homologous and non-homologous recombinations are conserved across all organisms to faithfully maintain the integrity of the genom...
محفوظ في:
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , |
| منشور في: |
2020
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| الموضوعات: | |
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| _version_ | 1864513516127387648 |
|---|---|
| author | Noha Elsakrmy (18550984) |
| author2 | Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama (4635598) Dindial Ramotar (208416) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Noha Elsakrmy (18550984) Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama (4635598) Dindial Ramotar (208416) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Noha Elsakrmy (18550984) Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama (4635598) Dindial Ramotar (208416) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2020-12-03T03:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.3389/fcell.2020.598860 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Base_Excision_Repair_Pathway_in_the_Nematode_Caenorhabditis_elegans/25815871 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biological sciences Biochemistry and cell biology Genetics C. elegans base excision repair pathway DNA glycosylases and AP endonucleases germ cells survival phenotypes DNA damaging agents |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">Exogenous and endogenous damage to the DNA is inevitable. Several DNA repair pathways including base excision, nucleotide excision, mismatch, homologous and non-homologous recombinations are conserved across all organisms to faithfully maintain the integrity of the genome. The base excision repair (BER) pathway functions to repair single-base DNA lesions and during the process creates the premutagenic apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. In this review, we discuss the components of the BER pathway in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and delineate the different phenotypes caused by the deletion or the knockdown of the respective DNA repair gene, as well as the implications. To date, two DNA glycosylases have been identified in C. elegans, the monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase-1 (UNG-1) and the bifunctional endonuclease III-1 (NTH-1) with associated AP lyase activity. In addition, the animal possesses two AP endonucleases belonging to the exonuclease-3 and endonuclease IV families and in C. elegans these enzymes are called EXO-3 and APN-1, respectively. In mammalian cells, the DNA polymerase, Pol beta, that is required to reinsert the correct bases for DNA repair synthesis is not found in the genome of C. elegans and the evidence indicates that this role could be substituted by DNA polymerase theta (POLQ), which is known to perform a function in the microhomology-mediated end-joining pathway in human cells. The phenotypes observed by the C. elegans mutant strains of the BER pathway raised many challenging questions including the possibility that the DNA glycosylases may have broader functional roles, as discuss in this review.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.598860" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.598860</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_14ddc536dab7dea28ec2907f34b7df5a |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.3389/fcell.2020.598860 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/25815871 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegansNoha Elsakrmy (18550984)Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama (4635598)Dindial Ramotar (208416)Biological sciencesBiochemistry and cell biologyGeneticsC. elegansbase excision repair pathwayDNA glycosylases and AP endonucleasesgerm cellssurvivalphenotypesDNA damaging agents<p dir="ltr">Exogenous and endogenous damage to the DNA is inevitable. Several DNA repair pathways including base excision, nucleotide excision, mismatch, homologous and non-homologous recombinations are conserved across all organisms to faithfully maintain the integrity of the genome. The base excision repair (BER) pathway functions to repair single-base DNA lesions and during the process creates the premutagenic apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. In this review, we discuss the components of the BER pathway in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and delineate the different phenotypes caused by the deletion or the knockdown of the respective DNA repair gene, as well as the implications. To date, two DNA glycosylases have been identified in C. elegans, the monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase-1 (UNG-1) and the bifunctional endonuclease III-1 (NTH-1) with associated AP lyase activity. In addition, the animal possesses two AP endonucleases belonging to the exonuclease-3 and endonuclease IV families and in C. elegans these enzymes are called EXO-3 and APN-1, respectively. In mammalian cells, the DNA polymerase, Pol beta, that is required to reinsert the correct bases for DNA repair synthesis is not found in the genome of C. elegans and the evidence indicates that this role could be substituted by DNA polymerase theta (POLQ), which is known to perform a function in the microhomology-mediated end-joining pathway in human cells. The phenotypes observed by the C. elegans mutant strains of the BER pathway raised many challenging questions including the possibility that the DNA glycosylases may have broader functional roles, as discuss in this review.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.598860" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.598860</a></p>2020-12-03T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3389/fcell.2020.598860https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Base_Excision_Repair_Pathway_in_the_Nematode_Caenorhabditis_elegans/25815871CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/258158712020-12-03T03:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Noha Elsakrmy (18550984) Biological sciences Biochemistry and cell biology Genetics C. elegans base excision repair pathway DNA glycosylases and AP endonucleases germ cells survival phenotypes DNA damaging agents |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans |
| title_full | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans |
| title_fullStr | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans |
| title_short | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans |
| title_sort | The Base Excision Repair Pathway in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans |
| topic | Biological sciences Biochemistry and cell biology Genetics C. elegans base excision repair pathway DNA glycosylases and AP endonucleases germ cells survival phenotypes DNA damaging agents |