Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights

<p dir="ltr">We present a sequential fusion-based real-time soccer video analytics approach designed to comprehensively understand ball–player interactions. Our approach leverages the power of deep computer vision models, employing a CSPDarknet53 backbone for detection and a Graph Co...

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Main Author: Fahad Majeed (22466596) (author)
Other Authors: Maria Nazir (22466599) (author), Kamilla Swart (18279016) (author), Marco Agus (8032898) (author), Jens Schneider (16885948) (author)
Published: 2025
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author Fahad Majeed (22466596)
author2 Maria Nazir (22466599)
Kamilla Swart (18279016)
Marco Agus (8032898)
Jens Schneider (16885948)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author_facet Fahad Majeed (22466596)
Maria Nazir (22466599)
Kamilla Swart (18279016)
Marco Agus (8032898)
Jens Schneider (16885948)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fahad Majeed (22466596)
Maria Nazir (22466599)
Kamilla Swart (18279016)
Marco Agus (8032898)
Jens Schneider (16885948)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-025-05462-7
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Real-time_analysis_of_soccer_ball_player_interactions_using_graph_convolutional_networks_for_enhanced_game_insights/30405508
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Computer vision and multimedia computation
Machine learning
Sequential fusion
Soccer player detection
Tracking
Soccer video analytics
Speed estimation
Graph convolutional networks
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">We present a sequential fusion-based real-time soccer video analytics approach designed to comprehensively understand ball–player interactions. Our approach leverages the power of deep computer vision models, employing a CSPDarknet53 backbone for detection and a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) for predictive analytics. The proposed approach intricately analyzes ball–player interactions by evaluating metrics such as inter-player distances, proximity to the ball, and hierarchical sorting based on shortest distances to the ball. We also track and estimate each player’s total distance and speed covered throughout the game. Our method performs exceptionally well on both uni- and multi-directional player movements, uncovering unique patterns in soccer videos. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving 91% object detection accuracy, 90% tracking and action recognition accuracy, and 92% speed analysis accuracy on benchmark datasets. Furthermore, our approach outperforms existing GCN techniques, achieving accuracies of 92% in graph connectivity, 89% in node classification, 87% in player tracking, and 88% in event recognition. Here, we show that our method provides a robust and accurate solution for real-time soccer video analytics, offering valuable insights into player performance and team strategies.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Scientific Reports<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05462-7" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05462-7</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_28732e4e077e5f694bee9ff3d9888f47
identifier_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-025-05462-7
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30405508
publishDate 2025
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insightsFahad Majeed (22466596)Maria Nazir (22466599)Kamilla Swart (18279016)Marco Agus (8032898)Jens Schneider (16885948)Information and computing sciencesArtificial intelligenceComputer vision and multimedia computationMachine learningSequential fusionSoccer player detectionTrackingSoccer video analyticsSpeed estimationGraph convolutional networks<p dir="ltr">We present a sequential fusion-based real-time soccer video analytics approach designed to comprehensively understand ball–player interactions. Our approach leverages the power of deep computer vision models, employing a CSPDarknet53 backbone for detection and a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) for predictive analytics. The proposed approach intricately analyzes ball–player interactions by evaluating metrics such as inter-player distances, proximity to the ball, and hierarchical sorting based on shortest distances to the ball. We also track and estimate each player’s total distance and speed covered throughout the game. Our method performs exceptionally well on both uni- and multi-directional player movements, uncovering unique patterns in soccer videos. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving 91% object detection accuracy, 90% tracking and action recognition accuracy, and 92% speed analysis accuracy on benchmark datasets. Furthermore, our approach outperforms existing GCN techniques, achieving accuracies of 92% in graph connectivity, 89% in node classification, 87% in player tracking, and 88% in event recognition. Here, we show that our method provides a robust and accurate solution for real-time soccer video analytics, offering valuable insights into player performance and team strategies.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Scientific Reports<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05462-7" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05462-7</a></p>2025-07-01T00:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1038/s41598-025-05462-7https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Real-time_analysis_of_soccer_ball_player_interactions_using_graph_convolutional_networks_for_enhanced_game_insights/30405508CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/304055082025-07-01T00:00:00Z
spellingShingle Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights
Fahad Majeed (22466596)
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Computer vision and multimedia computation
Machine learning
Sequential fusion
Soccer player detection
Tracking
Soccer video analytics
Speed estimation
Graph convolutional networks
status_str publishedVersion
title Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights
title_full Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights
title_fullStr Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights
title_full_unstemmed Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights
title_short Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights
title_sort Real-time analysis of soccer ball–player interactions using graph convolutional networks for enhanced game insights
topic Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Computer vision and multimedia computation
Machine learning
Sequential fusion
Soccer player detection
Tracking
Soccer video analytics
Speed estimation
Graph convolutional networks