Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects

<div><p>Immunotherapy has emerged as the fifth pillar of cancer treatment alongside surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the current superheroes of immunotherapy, unleashing a patient’s own immune cells to kill tumors and revolutioni...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Remy Thomas (702843) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Ghaneya Al-Khadairi (14153274) (author), Julie Decock (44558) (author)
منشور في: 2021
الموضوعات:
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author Remy Thomas (702843)
author2 Ghaneya Al-Khadairi (14153274)
Julie Decock (44558)
author2_role author
author
author_facet Remy Thomas (702843)
Ghaneya Al-Khadairi (14153274)
Julie Decock (44558)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Remy Thomas (702843)
Ghaneya Al-Khadairi (14153274)
Julie Decock (44558)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-02-25T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.3389/fonc.2020.600573
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Immune_Checkpoint_Inhibitors_in_Triple_Negative_Breast_Cancer_Treatment_Promising_Future_Prospects/25709841
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biomedical and clinical sciences
Immunology
Oncology and carcinogenesis
triple negative breast cancer
immune checkpoint blockade
predictive biomarkers
tumor mutational burden
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
combination therapy
programmed death-1 (PD-1)
programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <div><p>Immunotherapy has emerged as the fifth pillar of cancer treatment alongside surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the current superheroes of immunotherapy, unleashing a patient’s own immune cells to kill tumors and revolutionizing cancer treatment in a variety of cancers. Although breast cancer was historically believed to be immunologically silent, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has been shown to induce modest responses in metastatic breast cancer. Given the inherent heterogeneity of breast tumors, this raised the question whether certain breast tumors might benefit more from immune-based interventions and which cancer cell-intrinsic and/or microenvironmental factors define the likelihood of inducing a potent and durable anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we will focus on triple negative breast cancer as immunogenic breast cancer subtype, and specifically discuss the relevance of tumor mutational burden, the plethora and diversity of tumor infiltrating immune cells in addition to the immunoscore, the presence of immune checkpoint expression, and the microbiome in defining immune checkpoint blockade response. We will highlight the current immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment options, either as monotherapy or in combination with standard-of-care treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In addition, we will look into the potential of immunotherapy-based combination strategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses, or to establish a more immune favorable environment for cancer vaccines. Finally, the review will address the need for unambiguous predictive biomarkers as one of the main challenges of immune checkpoint blockade. To conclude, the potential of immune checkpoint blockade for triple negative breast cancer treatment could be enhanced by exploration of aforementioned factors and treatment strategies thereby providing promising future prospects.</p><p> </p></div><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Frontiers in Oncology<br> License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.600573" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.600573</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv 10.3389/fonc.2020.600573
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/25709841
publishDate 2021
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spelling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future ProspectsRemy Thomas (702843)Ghaneya Al-Khadairi (14153274)Julie Decock (44558)Biomedical and clinical sciencesImmunologyOncology and carcinogenesistriple negative breast cancerimmune checkpoint blockadepredictive biomarkerstumor mutational burdentumor infiltrating lymphocytescombination therapyprogrammed death-1 (PD-1)programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)<div><p>Immunotherapy has emerged as the fifth pillar of cancer treatment alongside surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the current superheroes of immunotherapy, unleashing a patient’s own immune cells to kill tumors and revolutionizing cancer treatment in a variety of cancers. Although breast cancer was historically believed to be immunologically silent, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has been shown to induce modest responses in metastatic breast cancer. Given the inherent heterogeneity of breast tumors, this raised the question whether certain breast tumors might benefit more from immune-based interventions and which cancer cell-intrinsic and/or microenvironmental factors define the likelihood of inducing a potent and durable anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we will focus on triple negative breast cancer as immunogenic breast cancer subtype, and specifically discuss the relevance of tumor mutational burden, the plethora and diversity of tumor infiltrating immune cells in addition to the immunoscore, the presence of immune checkpoint expression, and the microbiome in defining immune checkpoint blockade response. We will highlight the current immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment options, either as monotherapy or in combination with standard-of-care treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In addition, we will look into the potential of immunotherapy-based combination strategies using immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses, or to establish a more immune favorable environment for cancer vaccines. Finally, the review will address the need for unambiguous predictive biomarkers as one of the main challenges of immune checkpoint blockade. To conclude, the potential of immune checkpoint blockade for triple negative breast cancer treatment could be enhanced by exploration of aforementioned factors and treatment strategies thereby providing promising future prospects.</p><p> </p></div><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Frontiers in Oncology<br> License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.600573" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.600573</a></p>2021-02-25T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3389/fonc.2020.600573https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Immune_Checkpoint_Inhibitors_in_Triple_Negative_Breast_Cancer_Treatment_Promising_Future_Prospects/25709841CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/257098412021-02-25T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects
Remy Thomas (702843)
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Immunology
Oncology and carcinogenesis
triple negative breast cancer
immune checkpoint blockade
predictive biomarkers
tumor mutational burden
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
combination therapy
programmed death-1 (PD-1)
programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)
status_str publishedVersion
title Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects
title_full Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects
title_fullStr Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects
title_full_unstemmed Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects
title_short Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects
title_sort Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects
topic Biomedical and clinical sciences
Immunology
Oncology and carcinogenesis
triple negative breast cancer
immune checkpoint blockade
predictive biomarkers
tumor mutational burden
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
combination therapy
programmed death-1 (PD-1)
programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)