Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography

<p dir="ltr">Metal particle-reinforced polymer resin scaffolds are becoming increasingly prominent in biomedical applications due to their potential to support tissue regeneration and healing. These scaffolds are designed to serve as temporary frameworks that support affected tissues...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Ambreen Afridi (22224310) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Sumama Nuthana Kalva (17302906) (author), Ans Al Rashid (14777050) (author), Noor A. Al-Maslamani (17316925) (author), Muammer Koç (8350053) (author)
منشور في: 2025
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author Ambreen Afridi (22224310)
author2 Sumama Nuthana Kalva (17302906)
Ans Al Rashid (14777050)
Noor A. Al-Maslamani (17316925)
Muammer Koç (8350053)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author_facet Ambreen Afridi (22224310)
Sumama Nuthana Kalva (17302906)
Ans Al Rashid (14777050)
Noor A. Al-Maslamani (17316925)
Muammer Koç (8350053)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ambreen Afridi (22224310)
Sumama Nuthana Kalva (17302906)
Ans Al Rashid (14777050)
Noor A. Al-Maslamani (17316925)
Muammer Koç (8350053)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-07-15T09:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1515/ntrev-2025-0195
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Magnesium-reinforced_PMMA_composite_scaffolds_Synthesis_characterization_and_3D_printing_i_via_i_stereolithography/30542495
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Biomedical engineering
Materials engineering
stereolithography
magnesium-reinforced PMMA
3D-printed scaffolds
bone tissue engineering
magnesium biocomposites
biocompatibility
additive manufacturing
porous biomaterials
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Metal particle-reinforced polymer resin scaffolds are becoming increasingly prominent in biomedical applications due to their potential to support tissue regeneration and healing. These scaffolds are designed to serve as temporary frameworks that support affected tissues and gradually degrade during healing. The primary focus of these research efforts has been on determining the optimal materials and methods for creating these scaffolds, ensuring that they are biocompatible, capable of withstanding structural strains, and can support cellular proliferation, tissue growth, and vascularization. Despite the growing interest in polymers and their metal composites, a notable gap exists in leveraging the benefits of fabricating these composites through additive manufacturing techniques, particularly stereolithography (SLA). Magnesium (Mg), in particular, is a biocompatible and osteoconductive material known for its remarkable mechanical properties and biodegradability, making it highly suitable for bone implants. Additionally, Mg can potentially regenerate skin tissues and inhibit bacterial infections. Mg ions are crucial for wound healing because they repair the skin barrier and facilitate blood coagulation. This research focuses on finding optimal conditions for manufacturing magnesium-induced poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin scaffolds using SLA. To evaluate their printability and the effect of different material compositions on the 3D-printed structures, PMMA resin was mixed with high-weight percentages (wt%) of Mg alloy WE43. This mixture was then used to 3D-print test coupons and scaffolds via SLA. The impact of Mg incorporation on the scaffold’s structural integrity, thermal degradation, and biological response was assessed through physicochemical and thermal characterization and biocompatibility experiments. Notably, pure PMMA exhibited the highest tensile strength, 26.23 ± 0.14 MPa and an elastic modulus of 707.81 MPa, while PMMA resin/1% Mg showed the lowest strength (19.46 ± 0.25 MPa) and modulus (392.88 MPa), indicating a decrease in mechanical integrity with higher Mg content. However, the thermal stability was enhanced with the addition of Mg as the thermal degradation onset improved from ∼310 to 335°C. The challenges encountered in manufacturing PMMA resin/Mg composites and their potential applications were discussed, highlighting the future directions and promising avenues for further research and development.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Nanotechnology Reviews<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0195" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0195</a></p>
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spelling Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithographyAmbreen Afridi (22224310)Sumama Nuthana Kalva (17302906)Ans Al Rashid (14777050)Noor A. Al-Maslamani (17316925)Muammer Koç (8350053)EngineeringBiomedical engineeringMaterials engineeringstereolithographymagnesium-reinforced PMMA3D-printed scaffoldsbone tissue engineeringmagnesium biocompositesbiocompatibilityadditive manufacturingporous biomaterials<p dir="ltr">Metal particle-reinforced polymer resin scaffolds are becoming increasingly prominent in biomedical applications due to their potential to support tissue regeneration and healing. These scaffolds are designed to serve as temporary frameworks that support affected tissues and gradually degrade during healing. The primary focus of these research efforts has been on determining the optimal materials and methods for creating these scaffolds, ensuring that they are biocompatible, capable of withstanding structural strains, and can support cellular proliferation, tissue growth, and vascularization. Despite the growing interest in polymers and their metal composites, a notable gap exists in leveraging the benefits of fabricating these composites through additive manufacturing techniques, particularly stereolithography (SLA). Magnesium (Mg), in particular, is a biocompatible and osteoconductive material known for its remarkable mechanical properties and biodegradability, making it highly suitable for bone implants. Additionally, Mg can potentially regenerate skin tissues and inhibit bacterial infections. Mg ions are crucial for wound healing because they repair the skin barrier and facilitate blood coagulation. This research focuses on finding optimal conditions for manufacturing magnesium-induced poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin scaffolds using SLA. To evaluate their printability and the effect of different material compositions on the 3D-printed structures, PMMA resin was mixed with high-weight percentages (wt%) of Mg alloy WE43. This mixture was then used to 3D-print test coupons and scaffolds via SLA. The impact of Mg incorporation on the scaffold’s structural integrity, thermal degradation, and biological response was assessed through physicochemical and thermal characterization and biocompatibility experiments. Notably, pure PMMA exhibited the highest tensile strength, 26.23 ± 0.14 MPa and an elastic modulus of 707.81 MPa, while PMMA resin/1% Mg showed the lowest strength (19.46 ± 0.25 MPa) and modulus (392.88 MPa), indicating a decrease in mechanical integrity with higher Mg content. However, the thermal stability was enhanced with the addition of Mg as the thermal degradation onset improved from ∼310 to 335°C. The challenges encountered in manufacturing PMMA resin/Mg composites and their potential applications were discussed, highlighting the future directions and promising avenues for further research and development.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Nanotechnology Reviews<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0195" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0195</a></p>2025-07-15T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1515/ntrev-2025-0195https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Magnesium-reinforced_PMMA_composite_scaffolds_Synthesis_characterization_and_3D_printing_i_via_i_stereolithography/30542495CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/305424952025-07-15T09:00:00Z
spellingShingle Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography
Ambreen Afridi (22224310)
Engineering
Biomedical engineering
Materials engineering
stereolithography
magnesium-reinforced PMMA
3D-printed scaffolds
bone tissue engineering
magnesium biocomposites
biocompatibility
additive manufacturing
porous biomaterials
status_str publishedVersion
title Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography
title_full Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography
title_fullStr Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography
title_full_unstemmed Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography
title_short Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography
title_sort Magnesium-reinforced PMMA composite scaffolds: Synthesis, characterization, and 3D printing <i>via</i> stereolithography
topic Engineering
Biomedical engineering
Materials engineering
stereolithography
magnesium-reinforced PMMA
3D-printed scaffolds
bone tissue engineering
magnesium biocomposites
biocompatibility
additive manufacturing
porous biomaterials