Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis
<p dir="ltr">Water electrolysis, particularly using polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology, stands out for producing high-purity hydrogen efficiently. However, several safety and operational challenges that must be addressed before large-scale commercialization, includes desig...
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , |
| منشور في: |
2024
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| _version_ | 1864513552617832448 |
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| author | Rana Mohsen (11084784) |
| author2 | Tomasz Olewski (17346835) Ahmed Badreldin (9574341) Ahmed Abdel-Wahab (1748986) Luc Véchot (17991316) |
| author2_role | author author author author |
| author_facet | Rana Mohsen (11084784) Tomasz Olewski (17346835) Ahmed Badreldin (9574341) Ahmed Abdel-Wahab (1748986) Luc Véchot (17991316) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Rana Mohsen (11084784) Tomasz Olewski (17346835) Ahmed Badreldin (9574341) Ahmed Abdel-Wahab (1748986) Luc Véchot (17991316) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2024-12-26T18:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115225 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Explosive_mixture_formation_in_PEM_electrolyzers_A_safety_review_using_fault_tree_analysis/28123454 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Engineering Chemical engineering Materials engineering Green hydrogen Water electrolysis PEM Membrane degradation Cross-permeationFault tree analysis |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">Water electrolysis, particularly using polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology, stands out for producing high-purity hydrogen efficiently. However, several safety and operational challenges that must be addressed before large-scale commercialization, includes design considerations, operating conditions, and membrane durability. This review explores potential pathways resulting in cross-permeation and membrane degradation in PEM electrolyzers, potentially forming an H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> explosive mixture. A fault tree analysis approach is implemented, identifying the formation of an H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> explosive mixture as the top event. The fault tree analysis highlights the main challenges associated with the design and setup of the membrane, as well as the conditions affecting the membrane electrode assembly. Additionally, a minimum cut set analysis is performed to simplify the fault tree analysis by identifying the smallest combinations of events that could result in the formation of H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> explosive mixture. The fault tree analysis concludes that the formation of the explosive mixture is largely driven by significant hydrogen permeation, which is influenced by high cathode pressure, mass transfer limitations, and membrane damage caused by mechanical, chemical, and thermal factors. Thirteen basic events were categorized into human error, cell integrity, equipment integrity, and external factors. The analysis resulted in first-order cut sets, meaning any single failure could trigger the top event. Chemical poisoning also emerged as a persistent contributor affecting most failure pathways. This analysis lays the groundwork for future research to improve the reliability and safety of PEM electrolyzers.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.115225" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.115225</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_3fdd7db30c9aee7ca1e9a3ecea8d1815 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115225 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/28123454 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysisRana Mohsen (11084784)Tomasz Olewski (17346835)Ahmed Badreldin (9574341)Ahmed Abdel-Wahab (1748986)Luc Véchot (17991316)EngineeringChemical engineeringMaterials engineeringGreen hydrogenWater electrolysisPEMMembrane degradationCross-permeationFault tree analysis<p dir="ltr">Water electrolysis, particularly using polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology, stands out for producing high-purity hydrogen efficiently. However, several safety and operational challenges that must be addressed before large-scale commercialization, includes design considerations, operating conditions, and membrane durability. This review explores potential pathways resulting in cross-permeation and membrane degradation in PEM electrolyzers, potentially forming an H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> explosive mixture. A fault tree analysis approach is implemented, identifying the formation of an H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> explosive mixture as the top event. The fault tree analysis highlights the main challenges associated with the design and setup of the membrane, as well as the conditions affecting the membrane electrode assembly. Additionally, a minimum cut set analysis is performed to simplify the fault tree analysis by identifying the smallest combinations of events that could result in the formation of H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> explosive mixture. The fault tree analysis concludes that the formation of the explosive mixture is largely driven by significant hydrogen permeation, which is influenced by high cathode pressure, mass transfer limitations, and membrane damage caused by mechanical, chemical, and thermal factors. Thirteen basic events were categorized into human error, cell integrity, equipment integrity, and external factors. The analysis resulted in first-order cut sets, meaning any single failure could trigger the top event. Chemical poisoning also emerged as a persistent contributor affecting most failure pathways. This analysis lays the groundwork for future research to improve the reliability and safety of PEM electrolyzers.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.115225" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.115225</a></p>2024-12-26T18:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.rser.2024.115225https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Explosive_mixture_formation_in_PEM_electrolyzers_A_safety_review_using_fault_tree_analysis/28123454CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/281234542024-12-26T18:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis Rana Mohsen (11084784) Engineering Chemical engineering Materials engineering Green hydrogen Water electrolysis PEM Membrane degradation Cross-permeationFault tree analysis |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis |
| title_full | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis |
| title_fullStr | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis |
| title_short | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis |
| title_sort | Explosive mixture formation in PEM electrolyzers: A safety review using fault tree analysis |
| topic | Engineering Chemical engineering Materials engineering Green hydrogen Water electrolysis PEM Membrane degradation Cross-permeationFault tree analysis |