Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors
<p dir="ltr">In this study, the effects of combined stress factors involving light intensity and salinity (NaCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, and their combinations) on the two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris for simultaneous production of bioma...
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2023
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| _version_ | 1864513530516996096 |
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| author | Eman A. El-fayoumy (17788952) |
| author2 | Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed Ali (17788955) Khaled Elsaid (11084793) Ahmed Elkhatat (17788958) Saeed Al-Meer (7355084) Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini (17788961) Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah (14590421) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Eman A. El-fayoumy (17788952) Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed Ali (17788955) Khaled Elsaid (11084793) Ahmed Elkhatat (17788958) Saeed Al-Meer (7355084) Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini (17788961) Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah (14590421) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Eman A. El-fayoumy (17788952) Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed Ali (17788955) Khaled Elsaid (11084793) Ahmed Elkhatat (17788958) Saeed Al-Meer (7355084) Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini (17788961) Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah (14590421) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2023-06-30T03:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1007/s13399-023-04442-z |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Co-production_of_high_density_biomass_and_high-value_compounds_via_two-stage_cultivation_of_Chlorella_vulgaris_using_light_intensity_and_a_combination_of_salt_stressors/24999062 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biological sciences Industrial biotechnology Engineering Chemical engineering Environmental engineering Chlorella vulgaris Biodiesel Two-stage cultivation Carotenoids High-value products Antioxidants |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">In this study, the effects of combined stress factors involving light intensity and salinity (NaCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, and their combinations) on the two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris for simultaneous production of biomass and high-value products, were investigated. The two-stage strategies comprised a 25-day vegetative stage in BG11 medium, followed by a 15-day combined stress stage. During salt stress conditions, the addition of 15 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> or 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> MgCl<sub>2</sub> / 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> mixture with 140 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> light intensity significantly promoted the growth of C. vulgaris achieving maximum biomass productivity of 50.50 ± 0.50 and 50.25 ± 3.25 mg L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Cultivation of C. vulgaris in a medium containing 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl/ 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> had remarkably increased the lipid content (31.15 ± 1.18%) and lipid productivity (14.55 ± 1.48 mg L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). The saturated fatty acids (SFAs) at 39.52–59.29%, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) at 27.16–35.47%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at 7.18–29.97%, were obtained with palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), stearic (C18:0), and linolenic (C18:3) acids as predominant fatty acids. Cultures supplemented with 5 g L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl / 5 g L<sup>−1</sup> MgCl<sub>2</sub> / 5 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> and high light intensity exposure attained consistently high carbohydrate content (52.71 ± 2.50%). The combination of 7.5 g L<sup>−1 </sup>NaCl / 7.5 g L<sup>−1 </sup>MgCl<sub>2</sub> also resulted in a marked increase in the protein content (35.32 ± 2.20%) and total carotenoids (0.31 ± 0.03 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>) as compared to the Controls. The highest antioxidant activity (86.16%) was achieved with a 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl / 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> combination in the growth stage. The antioxidant activities were attributed to the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins due to the stressed conditions. One of the key benefits of using a combined stress strategy in this study is that if one factor has a low impact on enhancing target metabolites, other factors can compensate.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04442-z" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04442-z</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_45e6fe4ff4f83d4df706e8e3bf9b6ba5 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1007/s13399-023-04442-z |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/24999062 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressorsEman A. El-fayoumy (17788952)Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed Ali (17788955)Khaled Elsaid (11084793)Ahmed Elkhatat (17788958)Saeed Al-Meer (7355084)Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini (17788961)Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah (14590421)Biological sciencesIndustrial biotechnologyEngineeringChemical engineeringEnvironmental engineeringChlorella vulgarisBiodieselTwo-stage cultivationCarotenoidsHigh-value productsAntioxidants<p dir="ltr">In this study, the effects of combined stress factors involving light intensity and salinity (NaCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, and their combinations) on the two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris for simultaneous production of biomass and high-value products, were investigated. The two-stage strategies comprised a 25-day vegetative stage in BG11 medium, followed by a 15-day combined stress stage. During salt stress conditions, the addition of 15 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> or 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> MgCl<sub>2</sub> / 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> mixture with 140 µmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> light intensity significantly promoted the growth of C. vulgaris achieving maximum biomass productivity of 50.50 ± 0.50 and 50.25 ± 3.25 mg L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Cultivation of C. vulgaris in a medium containing 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl/ 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> had remarkably increased the lipid content (31.15 ± 1.18%) and lipid productivity (14.55 ± 1.48 mg L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). The saturated fatty acids (SFAs) at 39.52–59.29%, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) at 27.16–35.47%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at 7.18–29.97%, were obtained with palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), stearic (C18:0), and linolenic (C18:3) acids as predominant fatty acids. Cultures supplemented with 5 g L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl / 5 g L<sup>−1</sup> MgCl<sub>2</sub> / 5 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> and high light intensity exposure attained consistently high carbohydrate content (52.71 ± 2.50%). The combination of 7.5 g L<sup>−1 </sup>NaCl / 7.5 g L<sup>−1 </sup>MgCl<sub>2</sub> also resulted in a marked increase in the protein content (35.32 ± 2.20%) and total carotenoids (0.31 ± 0.03 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>) as compared to the Controls. The highest antioxidant activity (86.16%) was achieved with a 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl / 7.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub> combination in the growth stage. The antioxidant activities were attributed to the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins due to the stressed conditions. One of the key benefits of using a combined stress strategy in this study is that if one factor has a low impact on enhancing target metabolites, other factors can compensate.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04442-z" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04442-z</a></p>2023-06-30T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1007/s13399-023-04442-zhttps://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Co-production_of_high_density_biomass_and_high-value_compounds_via_two-stage_cultivation_of_Chlorella_vulgaris_using_light_intensity_and_a_combination_of_salt_stressors/24999062CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/249990622023-06-30T03:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors Eman A. El-fayoumy (17788952) Biological sciences Industrial biotechnology Engineering Chemical engineering Environmental engineering Chlorella vulgaris Biodiesel Two-stage cultivation Carotenoids High-value products Antioxidants |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors |
| title_full | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors |
| title_fullStr | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors |
| title_short | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors |
| title_sort | Co-production of high density biomass and high-value compounds via two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using light intensity and a combination of salt stressors |
| topic | Biological sciences Industrial biotechnology Engineering Chemical engineering Environmental engineering Chlorella vulgaris Biodiesel Two-stage cultivation Carotenoids High-value products Antioxidants |