Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers

<p dir="ltr">Coordinated charging of electric vehicles (EVs) improves the overall efficiency of the power grid as it avoids distribution system overloads, increases power quality, and decreases voltage fluctuations. Moreover, the coordinated charging supports flattening the load prof...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Mostafa Shibl (18810412) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Loay Ismail (18810415) (author), Ahmed Massoud (16875996) (author)
منشور في: 2020
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author Mostafa Shibl (18810412)
author2 Loay Ismail (18810415)
Ahmed Massoud (16875996)
author2_role author
author
author_facet Mostafa Shibl (18810412)
Loay Ismail (18810415)
Ahmed Massoud (16875996)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mostafa Shibl (18810412)
Loay Ismail (18810415)
Ahmed Massoud (16875996)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/en13205429
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Machine_Learning-Based_Management_of_Electric_Vehicles_Charging_Towards_Highly-Dispersed_Fast_Chargers/26021005
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Automotive engineering
Electrical engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Information and computing sciences
Data management and data science
Machine learning
coordinated electric vehicles charging
cyber-physical systems (CPSs)
Decision Tree (DT)
Deep Neural Network (DNN)
lectric vehicles charging stations (EVCS)
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
machine learning (ML)
Naïve Bayes (NB)
power rating (PR)
Random Forest (RF)
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
smart grid
Support Vector Machine (SVM)
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Coordinated charging of electric vehicles (EVs) improves the overall efficiency of the power grid as it avoids distribution system overloads, increases power quality, and decreases voltage fluctuations. Moreover, the coordinated charging supports flattening the load profile. Therefore, an effective coordination technique is crucial for the protection of the distribution grid and its components. The substantial power used through charging EVs has undeniable negative impacts on the power grid. Additionally, with the increasing use of EVs, an effective solution for the coordination of EVs charging, particularly when considering the anticipated proliferation of EV fast chargers, is imminently required. In this paper, different machine learning (ML) approaches are compared for the coordination of EVs charging. The ML models can predict the power to be used in EVs charging stations (EVCS). Due to its ability to use historical data to learn and identify patterns for making future decisions with minimal user intervention, ML has been utilized. ML models used in this paper are (1) Decision Tree (DT), (2) Random Forest (RF), (3) Support Vector Machine (SVM), (4) Naïve Bayes (NB), (5) K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), (6) Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and (7) Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). These approaches are chosen as they are classifiers known to have the leading results for multiclass classification problems. The results found shed insight on the importance of the techniques used and their high potential in providing a reliable solution for the coordinated charging of EVs, thus improving the performance of the power grid, and reducing power losses and voltage fluctuations. The use of ML provides a less complex method to coordinate EVs, in comparison with conventional optimization techniques such as quadratic programming, and the use of ML is faster as it requires less computational power. LSTM provided the best results with an accuracy of 95% for predicting the most appropriate power rating (PR) for EVCS, followed by RF, DT, DNN, SVM, KNN, and NB. Additionally, LSTM was also the model with the smallest error rate, at a value of ±0.7%, followed by RF, DT, KNN, SVM, DNN, and NB. The results obtained from the LSTM model were similar to the results obtained from past literature using quadratic programming, with the increased speed and simplicity of ML.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Energies<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205429" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205429</a></p>
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spelling Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast ChargersMostafa Shibl (18810412)Loay Ismail (18810415)Ahmed Massoud (16875996)EngineeringAutomotive engineeringElectrical engineeringElectronics, sensors and digital hardwareInformation and computing sciencesData management and data scienceMachine learningcoordinated electric vehicles chargingcyber-physical systems (CPSs)Decision Tree (DT)Deep Neural Network (DNN)lectric vehicles charging stations (EVCS)K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)machine learning (ML)Naïve Bayes (NB)power rating (PR)Random Forest (RF)Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)smart gridSupport Vector Machine (SVM)<p dir="ltr">Coordinated charging of electric vehicles (EVs) improves the overall efficiency of the power grid as it avoids distribution system overloads, increases power quality, and decreases voltage fluctuations. Moreover, the coordinated charging supports flattening the load profile. Therefore, an effective coordination technique is crucial for the protection of the distribution grid and its components. The substantial power used through charging EVs has undeniable negative impacts on the power grid. Additionally, with the increasing use of EVs, an effective solution for the coordination of EVs charging, particularly when considering the anticipated proliferation of EV fast chargers, is imminently required. In this paper, different machine learning (ML) approaches are compared for the coordination of EVs charging. The ML models can predict the power to be used in EVs charging stations (EVCS). Due to its ability to use historical data to learn and identify patterns for making future decisions with minimal user intervention, ML has been utilized. ML models used in this paper are (1) Decision Tree (DT), (2) Random Forest (RF), (3) Support Vector Machine (SVM), (4) Naïve Bayes (NB), (5) K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), (6) Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and (7) Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). These approaches are chosen as they are classifiers known to have the leading results for multiclass classification problems. The results found shed insight on the importance of the techniques used and their high potential in providing a reliable solution for the coordinated charging of EVs, thus improving the performance of the power grid, and reducing power losses and voltage fluctuations. The use of ML provides a less complex method to coordinate EVs, in comparison with conventional optimization techniques such as quadratic programming, and the use of ML is faster as it requires less computational power. LSTM provided the best results with an accuracy of 95% for predicting the most appropriate power rating (PR) for EVCS, followed by RF, DT, DNN, SVM, KNN, and NB. Additionally, LSTM was also the model with the smallest error rate, at a value of ±0.7%, followed by RF, DT, KNN, SVM, DNN, and NB. The results obtained from the LSTM model were similar to the results obtained from past literature using quadratic programming, with the increased speed and simplicity of ML.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Energies<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205429" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205429</a></p>2020-10-01T00:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3390/en13205429https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Machine_Learning-Based_Management_of_Electric_Vehicles_Charging_Towards_Highly-Dispersed_Fast_Chargers/26021005CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/260210052020-10-01T00:00:00Z
spellingShingle Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
Mostafa Shibl (18810412)
Engineering
Automotive engineering
Electrical engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Information and computing sciences
Data management and data science
Machine learning
coordinated electric vehicles charging
cyber-physical systems (CPSs)
Decision Tree (DT)
Deep Neural Network (DNN)
lectric vehicles charging stations (EVCS)
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
machine learning (ML)
Naïve Bayes (NB)
power rating (PR)
Random Forest (RF)
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
smart grid
Support Vector Machine (SVM)
status_str publishedVersion
title Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
title_full Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
title_fullStr Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
title_full_unstemmed Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
title_short Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
title_sort Machine Learning-Based Management of Electric Vehicles Charging: Towards Highly-Dispersed Fast Chargers
topic Engineering
Automotive engineering
Electrical engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Information and computing sciences
Data management and data science
Machine learning
coordinated electric vehicles charging
cyber-physical systems (CPSs)
Decision Tree (DT)
Deep Neural Network (DNN)
lectric vehicles charging stations (EVCS)
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
machine learning (ML)
Naïve Bayes (NB)
power rating (PR)
Random Forest (RF)
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
smart grid
Support Vector Machine (SVM)