The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women
<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">The health benefits of soy are widely reported but there are queries on the effect of soy isoflavones on thyroid function and the underlying mechanism of action.</p><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p dir="ltr"&g...
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2018
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| _version_ | 1864513525898018816 |
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| author | Thozhukat Sathyapalan (704787) |
| author2 | Josef Köhrle (198859) Eddy Rijntjes (83492) Alan S. Rigby (7545887) Soha R. Dargham (3613250) Eric S. Kilpatrick (6684365) Stephen L. Atkin (6684368) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Thozhukat Sathyapalan (704787) Josef Köhrle (198859) Eddy Rijntjes (83492) Alan S. Rigby (7545887) Soha R. Dargham (3613250) Eric S. Kilpatrick (6684365) Stephen L. Atkin (6684368) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Thozhukat Sathyapalan (704787) Josef Köhrle (198859) Eddy Rijntjes (83492) Alan S. Rigby (7545887) Soha R. Dargham (3613250) Eric S. Kilpatrick (6684365) Stephen L. Atkin (6684368) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.3389/fendo.2018.00698 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Effect_of_High_Dose_Isoflavone_Supplementation_on_Serum_Reverse_T3_in_Euthyroid_Men_With_Type_2_Diabetes_and_Post-menopausal_Women/25331338 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biomedical and clinical sciences Clinical sciences soy isoflavones phytoestrogens reverse tri-iodothyronine tri-iodothyronine thyroxine TSH |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">The health benefits of soy are widely reported but there are queries on the effect of soy isoflavones on thyroid function and the underlying mechanism of action.</p><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p dir="ltr"> We examined the effect of soy isoflavones on reverse tri-iodothyronine (or 3,3′,5′-tri-iodothyronine; rT<sub>3</sub>) in two studies comprising 400 patients: 200 men (study 1; 3 months) and 200 post-menopausal women (study 2; 6 months) who were randomized to consume 15 g soy protein with 66 mg of isoflavones (SPI) daily, or 15 g soy protein alone without isoflavones (SP) daily.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">SPI supplementation increased rT<sub>3</sub> serum concentration in both men 0.41 (0.12) vs. 0.45 (0.14) nmol/L and women 0.33 (0.12) vs. 0.37 (0.09) nmol/L at 3 months compared to SP that was not seen at 6 months. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum concentrations increased while free thyroxine (fT<sub>4</sub>) concentrations decreased with 3 months of SPI compared to SP supplementation for both men and women. rT<sub>3</sub> correlated with TSH in both studies (<i>p</i> = 0.03) but not with either fT<sub>3</sub> or fT<sub>4</sub>. fT<sub>3</sub> levels did not differ between the SPI and SP preparations.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">Soy isoflavones transiently increased rT3 levels within 3 months though reverted to baseline at 6 months. The mechanism for this would be either rT3 degrading deiodinase 1 and/or deiodinase 2 activities are transiently inhibited at 3 months, or inhibition of deiodinase 3, which generates rT3 from T4 is induced at 6 months. These changes were mirrored in the TSH concentrations, suggesting that short-term high dose isoflavone transiently impairs thyroid function in the first 3 months and may impact on general health during this period.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>ISRCTN Registry:</b> ISRCTN 90604927; ISRCTN34051237.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Frontiers in Endocrinology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00698" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00698</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_4ddbc103e5527348758cdc108e869717 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.3389/fendo.2018.00698 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/25331338 |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal WomenThozhukat Sathyapalan (704787)Josef Köhrle (198859)Eddy Rijntjes (83492)Alan S. Rigby (7545887)Soha R. Dargham (3613250)Eric S. Kilpatrick (6684365)Stephen L. Atkin (6684368)Biomedical and clinical sciencesClinical sciencessoyisoflavonesphytoestrogensreverse tri-iodothyroninetri-iodothyroninethyroxineTSH<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">The health benefits of soy are widely reported but there are queries on the effect of soy isoflavones on thyroid function and the underlying mechanism of action.</p><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p dir="ltr"> We examined the effect of soy isoflavones on reverse tri-iodothyronine (or 3,3′,5′-tri-iodothyronine; rT<sub>3</sub>) in two studies comprising 400 patients: 200 men (study 1; 3 months) and 200 post-menopausal women (study 2; 6 months) who were randomized to consume 15 g soy protein with 66 mg of isoflavones (SPI) daily, or 15 g soy protein alone without isoflavones (SP) daily.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">SPI supplementation increased rT<sub>3</sub> serum concentration in both men 0.41 (0.12) vs. 0.45 (0.14) nmol/L and women 0.33 (0.12) vs. 0.37 (0.09) nmol/L at 3 months compared to SP that was not seen at 6 months. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum concentrations increased while free thyroxine (fT<sub>4</sub>) concentrations decreased with 3 months of SPI compared to SP supplementation for both men and women. rT<sub>3</sub> correlated with TSH in both studies (<i>p</i> = 0.03) but not with either fT<sub>3</sub> or fT<sub>4</sub>. fT<sub>3</sub> levels did not differ between the SPI and SP preparations.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">Soy isoflavones transiently increased rT3 levels within 3 months though reverted to baseline at 6 months. The mechanism for this would be either rT3 degrading deiodinase 1 and/or deiodinase 2 activities are transiently inhibited at 3 months, or inhibition of deiodinase 3, which generates rT3 from T4 is induced at 6 months. These changes were mirrored in the TSH concentrations, suggesting that short-term high dose isoflavone transiently impairs thyroid function in the first 3 months and may impact on general health during this period.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>ISRCTN Registry:</b> ISRCTN 90604927; ISRCTN34051237.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Frontiers in Endocrinology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00698" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00698</a></p>2018-11-01T00:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3389/fendo.2018.00698https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Effect_of_High_Dose_Isoflavone_Supplementation_on_Serum_Reverse_T3_in_Euthyroid_Men_With_Type_2_Diabetes_and_Post-menopausal_Women/25331338CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/253313382018-11-01T00:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women Thozhukat Sathyapalan (704787) Biomedical and clinical sciences Clinical sciences soy isoflavones phytoestrogens reverse tri-iodothyronine tri-iodothyronine thyroxine TSH |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women |
| title_full | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women |
| title_short | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women |
| title_sort | The Effect of High Dose Isoflavone Supplementation on Serum Reverse T3 in Euthyroid Men With Type 2 Diabetes and Post-menopausal Women |
| topic | Biomedical and clinical sciences Clinical sciences soy isoflavones phytoestrogens reverse tri-iodothyronine tri-iodothyronine thyroxine TSH |