Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer
<p dir="ltr">Interest has grown in studying the possible use of well-known anti-diabetic drugs as anti-cancer agents individually or in combination with, frequently used, chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation, owing to the fact that diabetes heightens the risk, incidence, and rapi...
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2019
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| _version_ | 1864513525396799488 |
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| author | Samson Samuel (6828956) |
| author2 | Elizabeth Varghese (11008845) Peter Kubatka (11008854) Chris Triggle (18102697) Dietrich Büsselberg (11008857) |
| author2_role | author author author author |
| author_facet | Samson Samuel (6828956) Elizabeth Varghese (11008845) Peter Kubatka (11008854) Chris Triggle (18102697) Dietrich Büsselberg (11008857) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Samson Samuel (6828956) Elizabeth Varghese (11008845) Peter Kubatka (11008854) Chris Triggle (18102697) Dietrich Büsselberg (11008857) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2019-12-09T03:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.3390/biom9120846 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Metformin_The_Answer_to_Cancer_in_a_Flower_Current_Knowledge_and_Future_Prospects_of_Metformin_as_an_Anti-Cancer_Agent_in_Breast_Cancer/25340389 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biomedical and clinical sciences Clinical sciences Medical biochemistry and metabolomics Oncology and carcinogenesis anti-cancer therapy cancer combination therapy metformin natural compounds resistance |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">Interest has grown in studying the possible use of well-known anti-diabetic drugs as anti-cancer agents individually or in combination with, frequently used, chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation, owing to the fact that diabetes heightens the risk, incidence, and rapid progression of cancers, including breast cancer, in an individual. In this regard, metformin (1, 1-dimethylbiguanide), well known as ‘Glucophage’ among diabetics, was reported to be cancer preventive while also being a potent anti-proliferative and anti-cancer agent. While meta-analysis studies reported a lower risk and incidence of breast cancer among diabetic individuals on a metformin treatment regimen, several in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies reported the efficacy of using metformin individually as an anti-cancer/anti-tumor agent or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation in the treatment of different forms of breast cancer. However, unanswered questions remain with regards to areas such as cancer treatment specific therapeutic dosing of metformin, specificity to cancer cells at high concentrations, resistance to metformin therapy, efficacy of combinatory therapeutic approaches, post-therapeutic relapse of the disease, and efficacy in cancer prevention in non-diabetic individuals. In the current article, we discuss the biology of metformin and its molecular mechanism of action, the existing cellular, pre-clinical, and clinical studies that have tested the anti-tumor potential of metformin as a potential anti-cancer/anti-tumor agent in breast cancer therapy, and outline the future prospects and directions for a better understanding and re-purposing of metformin as an anti-cancer drug in the treatment of breast cancer.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Biomolecules<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120846" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120846</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_4f67f4bf69e85535c414b10620065167 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.3390/biom9120846 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/25340389 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast CancerSamson Samuel (6828956)Elizabeth Varghese (11008845)Peter Kubatka (11008854)Chris Triggle (18102697)Dietrich Büsselberg (11008857)Biomedical and clinical sciencesClinical sciencesMedical biochemistry and metabolomicsOncology and carcinogenesisanti-cancer therapycancercombination therapymetforminnatural compoundsresistance<p dir="ltr">Interest has grown in studying the possible use of well-known anti-diabetic drugs as anti-cancer agents individually or in combination with, frequently used, chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation, owing to the fact that diabetes heightens the risk, incidence, and rapid progression of cancers, including breast cancer, in an individual. In this regard, metformin (1, 1-dimethylbiguanide), well known as ‘Glucophage’ among diabetics, was reported to be cancer preventive while also being a potent anti-proliferative and anti-cancer agent. While meta-analysis studies reported a lower risk and incidence of breast cancer among diabetic individuals on a metformin treatment regimen, several in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies reported the efficacy of using metformin individually as an anti-cancer/anti-tumor agent or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation in the treatment of different forms of breast cancer. However, unanswered questions remain with regards to areas such as cancer treatment specific therapeutic dosing of metformin, specificity to cancer cells at high concentrations, resistance to metformin therapy, efficacy of combinatory therapeutic approaches, post-therapeutic relapse of the disease, and efficacy in cancer prevention in non-diabetic individuals. In the current article, we discuss the biology of metformin and its molecular mechanism of action, the existing cellular, pre-clinical, and clinical studies that have tested the anti-tumor potential of metformin as a potential anti-cancer/anti-tumor agent in breast cancer therapy, and outline the future prospects and directions for a better understanding and re-purposing of metformin as an anti-cancer drug in the treatment of breast cancer.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Biomolecules<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120846" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120846</a></p>2019-12-09T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3390/biom9120846https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Metformin_The_Answer_to_Cancer_in_a_Flower_Current_Knowledge_and_Future_Prospects_of_Metformin_as_an_Anti-Cancer_Agent_in_Breast_Cancer/25340389CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/253403892019-12-09T03:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer Samson Samuel (6828956) Biomedical and clinical sciences Clinical sciences Medical biochemistry and metabolomics Oncology and carcinogenesis anti-cancer therapy cancer combination therapy metformin natural compounds resistance |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer |
| title_full | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer |
| title_short | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer |
| title_sort | Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer |
| topic | Biomedical and clinical sciences Clinical sciences Medical biochemistry and metabolomics Oncology and carcinogenesis anti-cancer therapy cancer combination therapy metformin natural compounds resistance |