Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste

<p dir="ltr">The escalating global demand for sustainable protein sources, alongside the imperative to manage agro-waste, has intensified research into innovative bioconversion technologies. Single cell protein (SCP) production through liquid-state fermentation (LSF) offers a promisi...

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Main Author: Zukhruf Asim (22330669) (author)
Other Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad (6687767) (author), Khaled A. Mahmoud (572646) (author), Fares Almomani (12585685) (author), Kashif Rasool (2542492) (author)
Published: 2025
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author Zukhruf Asim (22330669)
author2 Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad (6687767)
Khaled A. Mahmoud (572646)
Fares Almomani (12585685)
Kashif Rasool (2542492)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author_facet Zukhruf Asim (22330669)
Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad (6687767)
Khaled A. Mahmoud (572646)
Fares Almomani (12585685)
Kashif Rasool (2542492)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Zukhruf Asim (22330669)
Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad (6687767)
Khaled A. Mahmoud (572646)
Fares Almomani (12585685)
Kashif Rasool (2542492)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-19T12:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108672
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Synergistic_yeast_co-culture_and_pretreatment_optimization_for_enhanced_single_cell_protein_production_from_agro-waste/32075334
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Agricultural biotechnology
Food sciences
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Agro-waste
Optimization
Single cell protein
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Candida tropicalis
Candida krusei
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">The escalating global demand for sustainable protein sources, alongside the imperative to manage agro-waste, has intensified research into innovative bioconversion technologies. Single cell protein (SCP) production through liquid-state fermentation (LSF) offers a promising approach by transforming agro-waste residues into high-value microbial biomass. This study investigates the optimization of acid pretreatment and yeast strains to maximize SCP yield, contributing to a circular bioeconomy. In the initial phase, single and co-culture yeast strains were evaluated for SCP production using YPD broth and agro-waste substrates. Over five days of fermentation, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> yielded a maximum biomass of 1.8 g/L, while its co-culture with <i>Candida krusei</i> achieved 4.58 g/L, with protein contents of 45 % and 44.5 %, respectively. In the second phase, agro-waste pretreatments were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a three-level factorial model, where temperature, hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration, and residence time served as independent variables. Optimal conditions (87.5 °C, 3 % HCl, 90 min) resulted in 4.6 g/L biomass, 2.67 g/L protein, 7.24 g/L nitrogen, and 0.72 g/L non-purgeable organic carbon. In the final phase, a 30-day continuous fermenter run under optimized conditions demonstrated scalability, achieving a peak biomass of 16.9 g/L and a microbial protein yield of 63.3 % on Day 7. These findings underscore the potential of strain-substrate synergies and optimized pretreatment for high-yield SCP production. By valorizing agro-waste, this approach offers a sustainable solution for protein production and waste management, advancing the transition toward a circular bioeconomy and addressing global challenges in food security and environmental sustainability.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Biomass and Bioenergy<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108672" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108672</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_50f4bedd24f776cd77df9dc4d3d4092d
identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108672
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/32075334
publishDate 2025
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rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-wasteZukhruf Asim (22330669)Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad (6687767)Khaled A. Mahmoud (572646)Fares Almomani (12585685)Kashif Rasool (2542492)Agricultural, veterinary and food sciencesAgricultural biotechnologyFood sciencesEnvironmental sciencesEnvironmental biotechnologyAgro-wasteOptimizationSingle cell proteinSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCandida tropicalisCandida krusei<p dir="ltr">The escalating global demand for sustainable protein sources, alongside the imperative to manage agro-waste, has intensified research into innovative bioconversion technologies. Single cell protein (SCP) production through liquid-state fermentation (LSF) offers a promising approach by transforming agro-waste residues into high-value microbial biomass. This study investigates the optimization of acid pretreatment and yeast strains to maximize SCP yield, contributing to a circular bioeconomy. In the initial phase, single and co-culture yeast strains were evaluated for SCP production using YPD broth and agro-waste substrates. Over five days of fermentation, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> yielded a maximum biomass of 1.8 g/L, while its co-culture with <i>Candida krusei</i> achieved 4.58 g/L, with protein contents of 45 % and 44.5 %, respectively. In the second phase, agro-waste pretreatments were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a three-level factorial model, where temperature, hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration, and residence time served as independent variables. Optimal conditions (87.5 °C, 3 % HCl, 90 min) resulted in 4.6 g/L biomass, 2.67 g/L protein, 7.24 g/L nitrogen, and 0.72 g/L non-purgeable organic carbon. In the final phase, a 30-day continuous fermenter run under optimized conditions demonstrated scalability, achieving a peak biomass of 16.9 g/L and a microbial protein yield of 63.3 % on Day 7. These findings underscore the potential of strain-substrate synergies and optimized pretreatment for high-yield SCP production. By valorizing agro-waste, this approach offers a sustainable solution for protein production and waste management, advancing the transition toward a circular bioeconomy and addressing global challenges in food security and environmental sustainability.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Biomass and Bioenergy<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108672" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108672</a></p>2025-11-19T12:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108672https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Synergistic_yeast_co-culture_and_pretreatment_optimization_for_enhanced_single_cell_protein_production_from_agro-waste/32075334CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/320753342025-11-19T12:00:00Z
spellingShingle Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste
Zukhruf Asim (22330669)
Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Agricultural biotechnology
Food sciences
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Agro-waste
Optimization
Single cell protein
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Candida tropicalis
Candida krusei
status_str publishedVersion
title Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste
title_full Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste
title_fullStr Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste
title_short Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste
title_sort Synergistic yeast co-culture and pretreatment optimization for enhanced single cell protein production from agro-waste
topic Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Agricultural biotechnology
Food sciences
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Agro-waste
Optimization
Single cell protein
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Candida tropicalis
Candida krusei