Association of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> with type 2 diabetes complications
<h3>Aims</h3><p dir="ltr">Vitamin D measurement is a composite of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> (25(OH)D<sub>2</sub>) and D<sub>3</sub> (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub>) levels, and its deficiency is associated with the development of type 2 di...
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2022
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| Summary: | <h3>Aims</h3><p dir="ltr">Vitamin D measurement is a composite of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> (25(OH)D<sub>2</sub>) and D<sub>3</sub> (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub>) levels, and its deficiency is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and diabetic complications; vitamin D deficiency may be treated with vitamin D<sub>2</sub> supplements. This study was undertaken to determine if vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> levels differed between those with and without T2DM in this Middle Eastern population, and the relationship between diabetic microvascular complications and vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels in subjects with T2DM.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">Four hundred ninety-six Qatari subjects, 274 with and 222 without T2DM participated in the study. Plasma levels of total vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">All subjects were taking vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and none were taking D<sub>3</sub> supplements. Vitamin D<sub>2</sub> levels were higher in diabetics, particularly in females, and higher levels were associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia in the diabetic subjects (p < 0.001), but were not related to diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy. Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels measured in the same subjects were lower in diabetics, particularly in females (p < 0.001), were unrelated to dyslipidemia or hypertension, but were associated with retinopathy (p < 0.014). Neither vitamin D<sub>2</sub> nor vitamin D<sub>3</sub> were associated with neuropathy. For those subjects with hypertension, dyslipidemia, retinopathy or neuropathy, comparison of highest with lowest tertiles for vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and vitamin D<sub>3</sub> showed no difference.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p dir="ltr">In this Qatari cohort, vitamin D<sub>2</sub> was associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia, whilst vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels were associated with diabetic retinopathy. Vitamin D<sub>2</sub> levels were higher, whilst vitamin D<sub>3</sub> were lower in diabetics and females, likely due to ingestion of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> supplements.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-020-00549-w" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-020-00549-w</a></p> |
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