Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives

<p>The maritime industry has been actively exploring hydrogen as a sustainable fuel to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate environmental impacts. This paper offers a review of the development of hydrogen-powered vessels from 2000 to 2024, highlighting key technological advanceme...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Hongjun Fan (1388040) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Nagi Abdussamie (18835801) (author), Peggy Shu-Ling Chen (21393887) (author), Andrew Harris (2258287) (author), Evan MacA. Gray (2060815) (author), Ehsan Arzaghi (21393590) (author), Prashant Bhaskar (22597949) (author), Javad A. Mehr (22597952) (author), Irene Penesis (19017650) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
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author Hongjun Fan (1388040)
author2 Nagi Abdussamie (18835801)
Peggy Shu-Ling Chen (21393887)
Andrew Harris (2258287)
Evan MacA. Gray (2060815)
Ehsan Arzaghi (21393590)
Prashant Bhaskar (22597949)
Javad A. Mehr (22597952)
Irene Penesis (19017650)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Hongjun Fan (1388040)
Nagi Abdussamie (18835801)
Peggy Shu-Ling Chen (21393887)
Andrew Harris (2258287)
Evan MacA. Gray (2060815)
Ehsan Arzaghi (21393590)
Prashant Bhaskar (22597949)
Javad A. Mehr (22597952)
Irene Penesis (19017650)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Hongjun Fan (1388040)
Nagi Abdussamie (18835801)
Peggy Shu-Ling Chen (21393887)
Andrew Harris (2258287)
Evan MacA. Gray (2060815)
Ehsan Arzaghi (21393590)
Prashant Bhaskar (22597949)
Javad A. Mehr (22597952)
Irene Penesis (19017650)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115878
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Two_decades_of_hydrogen-powered_ships_2000_2024_Evolution_challenges_and_future_perspectives/30588785
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Chemical engineering
Electrical engineering
Maritime engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental management
Maritime
Decarbonisation
Ship
Vessel
Hydrogen
Bunker fuel
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p>The maritime industry has been actively exploring hydrogen as a sustainable fuel to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate environmental impacts. This paper offers a review of the development of hydrogen-powered vessels from 2000 to 2024, highlighting key technological advancements, regulatory progress, and engineering challenges. The journey began with the launch of the small passenger vessel Hydra in Germany in 2000, marking the inception of hydrogen-powered maritime technology. Over the past two decades, significant strides have been made in hydrogen energy conversion, storage, and bunkering technologies, which have been implemented and tested across various vessels, leading to the growth of a global fleet of hydrogen-powered vessels. As of November 2024, 50 hydrogen-powered vessels, including commercial and non-commercial vessels, have been constructed or retrofitted, each serving as a platform to demonstrate and refine hydrogen technologies and engineering designs. This study synthesises the lessons learned from these vessels, offering insights into the practical applications of hydrogen technologies, fuel bunkering practices, and the design and operational challenges encountered. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of the entire hydrogen-powered fleet, identifying critical gaps and opportunities for further innovation in the maritime sector.</p><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews<br> License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115878" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115878</a></p>
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identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115878
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30588785
publishDate 2025
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spelling Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectivesHongjun Fan (1388040)Nagi Abdussamie (18835801)Peggy Shu-Ling Chen (21393887)Andrew Harris (2258287)Evan MacA. Gray (2060815)Ehsan Arzaghi (21393590)Prashant Bhaskar (22597949)Javad A. Mehr (22597952)Irene Penesis (19017650)EngineeringChemical engineeringElectrical engineeringMaritime engineeringEnvironmental sciencesEnvironmental managementMaritimeDecarbonisationShipVesselHydrogenBunker fuel<p>The maritime industry has been actively exploring hydrogen as a sustainable fuel to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate environmental impacts. This paper offers a review of the development of hydrogen-powered vessels from 2000 to 2024, highlighting key technological advancements, regulatory progress, and engineering challenges. The journey began with the launch of the small passenger vessel Hydra in Germany in 2000, marking the inception of hydrogen-powered maritime technology. Over the past two decades, significant strides have been made in hydrogen energy conversion, storage, and bunkering technologies, which have been implemented and tested across various vessels, leading to the growth of a global fleet of hydrogen-powered vessels. As of November 2024, 50 hydrogen-powered vessels, including commercial and non-commercial vessels, have been constructed or retrofitted, each serving as a platform to demonstrate and refine hydrogen technologies and engineering designs. This study synthesises the lessons learned from these vessels, offering insights into the practical applications of hydrogen technologies, fuel bunkering practices, and the design and operational challenges encountered. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of the entire hydrogen-powered fleet, identifying critical gaps and opportunities for further innovation in the maritime sector.</p><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews<br> License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115878" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115878</a></p>2025-09-01T00:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.rser.2025.115878https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Two_decades_of_hydrogen-powered_ships_2000_2024_Evolution_challenges_and_future_perspectives/30588785CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/305887852025-09-01T00:00:00Z
spellingShingle Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives
Hongjun Fan (1388040)
Engineering
Chemical engineering
Electrical engineering
Maritime engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental management
Maritime
Decarbonisation
Ship
Vessel
Hydrogen
Bunker fuel
status_str publishedVersion
title Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives
title_full Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives
title_fullStr Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives
title_short Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives
title_sort Two decades of hydrogen-powered ships (2000–2024): Evolution, challenges, and future perspectives
topic Engineering
Chemical engineering
Electrical engineering
Maritime engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental management
Maritime
Decarbonisation
Ship
Vessel
Hydrogen
Bunker fuel