Visualizing nanoscale 3D compositional fluctuation of lithium in advanced lithium-ion battery cathodes
<p dir="ltr">The distribution of cations in Li-ion battery cathodes as a function of cycling is a pivotal characteristic of battery performance. The transition metal cation distribution has been shown to affect cathode performance; however, Li is notoriously challenging to characteri...
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2015
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| Summary: | <p dir="ltr">The distribution of cations in Li-ion battery cathodes as a function of cycling is a pivotal characteristic of battery performance. The transition metal cation distribution has been shown to affect cathode performance; however, Li is notoriously challenging to characterize with typical imaging techniques. Here laser-assisted atom probe tomography (APT) is used to map the three-dimensional distribution of Li at a sub-nanometre spatial resolution and correlate it with the distribution of the transition metal cations (M) and the oxygen. As-fabricated layered Li<sub>1.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is shown to have Li-rich Li<sub>2</sub>MO<sub>3</sub> phase regions and Li-depleted Li(Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>)O<sub>2</sub> regions. Cycled material has an overall loss of Li in addition to Ni-, Mn- and Li-rich regions. Spinel LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is shown to have a uniform distribution of all cations. APT results were compared to energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping with a scanning transmission electron microscope to confirm the transition metal cation distribution.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Nature Communications<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9014" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9014</a></p> |
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