A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
<p dir="ltr">Most indoor localization systems determine only the 2D location of a user on a single floor, often overlooking multi-floor environments. This limitation reduces their effectiveness in scenarios such as emergency response in multi-floor buildings. As a result, multi-floor...
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| منشور في: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1864513522578227200 |
|---|---|
| author | Sherif Mostafa (13548916) |
| author2 | Khaled A. Harras (23275033) Moustafa Youssef (8089592) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Sherif Mostafa (13548916) Khaled A. Harras (23275033) Moustafa Youssef (8089592) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Sherif Mostafa (13548916) Khaled A. Harras (23275033) Moustafa Youssef (8089592) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1109/access.2025.3599785 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Survey_of_Indoor_Localization_Systems_for_Multi-Floor_Environments/31443787 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Engineering Communications engineering Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics Information and computing sciences Distributed computing and systems software Multi-floor localization floor identification indoor localization multi-floor environments location-based services Location awareness Surveys Reviews Fingerprint recognition Accuracy Emergency services Buildings Smart phones FCC |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">Most indoor localization systems determine only the 2D location of a user on a single floor, often overlooking multi-floor environments. This limitation reduces their effectiveness in scenarios such as emergency response in multi-floor buildings. As a result, multi-floor localization systems capable of identifying the user’s floor as well have recently gained significant attention. However, designing and deploying accurate multi-floor localization systems presents unique challenges due to the increased scale and complexity of the environment. These challenges include ensuring sensor reliability, addressing signal space ambiguity caused by complex environmental structures and infrastructure configurations, and managing deployment overhead and resource requirements. Despite growing interest in this area, a comprehensive, up-to-date survey on the challenges and recent advances in multi-floor localization remains lacking. In this paper, we present the first exhaustive survey of indoor localization systems designed for multi-floor environments. We begin by highlighting the importance of floor identification through various applications and provide background on extending localization techniques from 2D to multi-floor scenarios. We then categorize and analyze the key challenges unique to multi-floor localization, including both input-level and system-level challenges. Next, we review existing solutions aimed at mitigating these challenges, with a focus on recent advancements. Finally, we discuss open problems and outline future research directions. Although significant progress has been made in indoor localization, multi-floor localization remains an active and evolving research area with numerous opportunities to bridge existing gaps and drive further innovation.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599785" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599785</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_595c8ee2fd96ad9d7cad6bcbe76a2386 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1109/access.2025.3599785 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/31443787 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor EnvironmentsSherif Mostafa (13548916)Khaled A. Harras (23275033)Moustafa Youssef (8089592)EngineeringCommunications engineeringControl engineering, mechatronics and roboticsInformation and computing sciencesDistributed computing and systems softwareMulti-floor localizationfloor identificationindoor localizationmulti-floor environmentslocation-based servicesLocation awarenessSurveysReviewsFingerprint recognitionAccuracyEmergency servicesBuildingsSmart phonesFCC<p dir="ltr">Most indoor localization systems determine only the 2D location of a user on a single floor, often overlooking multi-floor environments. This limitation reduces their effectiveness in scenarios such as emergency response in multi-floor buildings. As a result, multi-floor localization systems capable of identifying the user’s floor as well have recently gained significant attention. However, designing and deploying accurate multi-floor localization systems presents unique challenges due to the increased scale and complexity of the environment. These challenges include ensuring sensor reliability, addressing signal space ambiguity caused by complex environmental structures and infrastructure configurations, and managing deployment overhead and resource requirements. Despite growing interest in this area, a comprehensive, up-to-date survey on the challenges and recent advances in multi-floor localization remains lacking. In this paper, we present the first exhaustive survey of indoor localization systems designed for multi-floor environments. We begin by highlighting the importance of floor identification through various applications and provide background on extending localization techniques from 2D to multi-floor scenarios. We then categorize and analyze the key challenges unique to multi-floor localization, including both input-level and system-level challenges. Next, we review existing solutions aimed at mitigating these challenges, with a focus on recent advancements. Finally, we discuss open problems and outline future research directions. Although significant progress has been made in indoor localization, multi-floor localization remains an active and evolving research area with numerous opportunities to bridge existing gaps and drive further innovation.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599785" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599785</a></p>2025-01-01T00:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1109/access.2025.3599785https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Survey_of_Indoor_Localization_Systems_for_Multi-Floor_Environments/31443787CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/314437872025-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments Sherif Mostafa (13548916) Engineering Communications engineering Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics Information and computing sciences Distributed computing and systems software Multi-floor localization floor identification indoor localization multi-floor environments location-based services Location awareness Surveys Reviews Fingerprint recognition Accuracy Emergency services Buildings Smart phones FCC |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments |
| title_full | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments |
| title_fullStr | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments |
| title_short | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments |
| title_sort | A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments |
| topic | Engineering Communications engineering Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics Information and computing sciences Distributed computing and systems software Multi-floor localization floor identification indoor localization multi-floor environments location-based services Location awareness Surveys Reviews Fingerprint recognition Accuracy Emergency services Buildings Smart phones FCC |