A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments

<p dir="ltr">Most indoor localization systems determine only the 2D location of a user on a single floor, often overlooking multi-floor environments. This limitation reduces their effectiveness in scenarios such as emergency response in multi-floor buildings. As a result, multi-floor...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Sherif Mostafa (13548916) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Khaled A. Harras (23275033) (author), Moustafa Youssef (8089592) (author)
منشور في: 2025
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author Sherif Mostafa (13548916)
author2 Khaled A. Harras (23275033)
Moustafa Youssef (8089592)
author2_role author
author
author_facet Sherif Mostafa (13548916)
Khaled A. Harras (23275033)
Moustafa Youssef (8089592)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Sherif Mostafa (13548916)
Khaled A. Harras (23275033)
Moustafa Youssef (8089592)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1109/access.2025.3599785
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Survey_of_Indoor_Localization_Systems_for_Multi-Floor_Environments/31443787
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Communications engineering
Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics
Information and computing sciences
Distributed computing and systems software
Multi-floor localization
floor identification
indoor localization
multi-floor environments
location-based services
Location awareness
Surveys
Reviews
Fingerprint recognition
Accuracy
Emergency services
Buildings
Smart phones
FCC
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Most indoor localization systems determine only the 2D location of a user on a single floor, often overlooking multi-floor environments. This limitation reduces their effectiveness in scenarios such as emergency response in multi-floor buildings. As a result, multi-floor localization systems capable of identifying the user’s floor as well have recently gained significant attention. However, designing and deploying accurate multi-floor localization systems presents unique challenges due to the increased scale and complexity of the environment. These challenges include ensuring sensor reliability, addressing signal space ambiguity caused by complex environmental structures and infrastructure configurations, and managing deployment overhead and resource requirements. Despite growing interest in this area, a comprehensive, up-to-date survey on the challenges and recent advances in multi-floor localization remains lacking. In this paper, we present the first exhaustive survey of indoor localization systems designed for multi-floor environments. We begin by highlighting the importance of floor identification through various applications and provide background on extending localization techniques from 2D to multi-floor scenarios. We then categorize and analyze the key challenges unique to multi-floor localization, including both input-level and system-level challenges. Next, we review existing solutions aimed at mitigating these challenges, with a focus on recent advancements. Finally, we discuss open problems and outline future research directions. Although significant progress has been made in indoor localization, multi-floor localization remains an active and evolving research area with numerous opportunities to bridge existing gaps and drive further innovation.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599785" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599785</a></p>
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network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/31443787
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spelling A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor EnvironmentsSherif Mostafa (13548916)Khaled A. Harras (23275033)Moustafa Youssef (8089592)EngineeringCommunications engineeringControl engineering, mechatronics and roboticsInformation and computing sciencesDistributed computing and systems softwareMulti-floor localizationfloor identificationindoor localizationmulti-floor environmentslocation-based servicesLocation awarenessSurveysReviewsFingerprint recognitionAccuracyEmergency servicesBuildingsSmart phonesFCC<p dir="ltr">Most indoor localization systems determine only the 2D location of a user on a single floor, often overlooking multi-floor environments. This limitation reduces their effectiveness in scenarios such as emergency response in multi-floor buildings. As a result, multi-floor localization systems capable of identifying the user’s floor as well have recently gained significant attention. However, designing and deploying accurate multi-floor localization systems presents unique challenges due to the increased scale and complexity of the environment. These challenges include ensuring sensor reliability, addressing signal space ambiguity caused by complex environmental structures and infrastructure configurations, and managing deployment overhead and resource requirements. Despite growing interest in this area, a comprehensive, up-to-date survey on the challenges and recent advances in multi-floor localization remains lacking. In this paper, we present the first exhaustive survey of indoor localization systems designed for multi-floor environments. We begin by highlighting the importance of floor identification through various applications and provide background on extending localization techniques from 2D to multi-floor scenarios. We then categorize and analyze the key challenges unique to multi-floor localization, including both input-level and system-level challenges. Next, we review existing solutions aimed at mitigating these challenges, with a focus on recent advancements. Finally, we discuss open problems and outline future research directions. Although significant progress has been made in indoor localization, multi-floor localization remains an active and evolving research area with numerous opportunities to bridge existing gaps and drive further innovation.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599785" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599785</a></p>2025-01-01T00:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1109/access.2025.3599785https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Survey_of_Indoor_Localization_Systems_for_Multi-Floor_Environments/31443787CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/314437872025-01-01T00:00:00Z
spellingShingle A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
Sherif Mostafa (13548916)
Engineering
Communications engineering
Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics
Information and computing sciences
Distributed computing and systems software
Multi-floor localization
floor identification
indoor localization
multi-floor environments
location-based services
Location awareness
Surveys
Reviews
Fingerprint recognition
Accuracy
Emergency services
Buildings
Smart phones
FCC
status_str publishedVersion
title A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
title_full A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
title_fullStr A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
title_full_unstemmed A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
title_short A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
title_sort A Survey of Indoor Localization Systems for Multi-Floor Environments
topic Engineering
Communications engineering
Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics
Information and computing sciences
Distributed computing and systems software
Multi-floor localization
floor identification
indoor localization
multi-floor environments
location-based services
Location awareness
Surveys
Reviews
Fingerprint recognition
Accuracy
Emergency services
Buildings
Smart phones
FCC