Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Parameters Optimization of Virtual Synchronous Generator for Low-Inertia Power System
<p dir="ltr">The stable operation of converter-interfaced generation (CIG) units is paramount for ensuring resilience in low-inertia power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive small-signal modeling and stability analysis framework for grid-connected virtual synchronous genera...
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2025
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| Summary: | <p dir="ltr">The stable operation of converter-interfaced generation (CIG) units is paramount for ensuring resilience in low-inertia power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive small-signal modeling and stability analysis framework for grid-connected virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), integrating: an LCL-filter interfaced power converter, active/reactive power loop (APL/RPL) controllers, and dual-loop PI-based current and voltage control. Through systematic eigenvalue analysis and parameter sensitivity studies, complemented by time-domain verification in MATLAB/SIMULINK, we demonstrate the decisive influence of VSG control parameters on low-frequency oscillation (LFO) damping characteristics, transient frequency stability metrics, including the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), maximum frequency deviation (<i>fnadir</i>), overshoot, and settling time. We further propose a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with a multi-objective cost function to optimize VSG controller gains. The optimized design achieves an 83% reduction in ROCOF, a 90% improvement in frequency deviation, and a non-oscillatory power response. These results quantitatively validate that proper VSG gain tuning can significantly enhance dynamic performance and frequency stability in inertia-constrained grids. The proposed methodology offers practical insights for designing resilient CIG-dominated power systems.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581678" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581678</a></p> |
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