Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps

<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Mobile health has become a major vehicle of support for people living with diabetes. Accordingly, the availability of mobile apps for diabetes has been steadily increasing. Most of the previous reviews of diabetes apps have focused on the a...

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Main Author: José Javier Flors-Sidro (18518946) (author)
Other Authors: Mowafa Househ (9154124) (author), Alaa Abd-Alrazaq (17430900) (author), Josep Vidal-Alaball (10224958) (author), Luis Fernandez-Luque (3572423) (author), Carlos Luis Sanchez-Bocanegra (18518949) (author)
Published: 2021
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author José Javier Flors-Sidro (18518946)
author2 Mowafa Househ (9154124)
Alaa Abd-Alrazaq (17430900)
Josep Vidal-Alaball (10224958)
Luis Fernandez-Luque (3572423)
Carlos Luis Sanchez-Bocanegra (18518949)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author_facet José Javier Flors-Sidro (18518946)
Mowafa Househ (9154124)
Alaa Abd-Alrazaq (17430900)
Josep Vidal-Alaball (10224958)
Luis Fernandez-Luque (3572423)
Carlos Luis Sanchez-Bocanegra (18518949)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv José Javier Flors-Sidro (18518946)
Mowafa Househ (9154124)
Alaa Abd-Alrazaq (17430900)
Josep Vidal-Alaball (10224958)
Luis Fernandez-Luque (3572423)
Carlos Luis Sanchez-Bocanegra (18518949)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-13T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.2196/16146
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Analysis_of_Diabetes_Apps_to_Assess_Privacy-Related_Permissions_Systematic_Search_of_Apps/25771143
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biomedical and clinical sciences
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Health sciences
Health services and systems
diabetes mellitus
privacy
mobile apps
dangerous permissions
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Mobile health has become a major vehicle of support for people living with diabetes. Accordingly, the availability of mobile apps for diabetes has been steadily increasing. Most of the previous reviews of diabetes apps have focused on the apps’ features and their alignment with clinical guidelines. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the actual compliance of diabetes apps with privacy and data security guidelines.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p dir="ltr">The aim of this study was to assess the levels of privacy of mobile apps for diabetes to contribute to the raising of awareness of privacy issues for app users, developers, and governmental data protection regulators.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">We developed a semiautomatic app search module capable of retrieving Android apps’ privacy-related information, particularly the dangerous permissions required by apps, with the aim of analyzing privacy aspects related to diabetes apps. Following the research selection criteria, the original 882 apps were narrowed down to 497 apps that were included in the analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">Approximately 60% of the analyzed diabetes apps requested potentially dangerous permissions, which pose a significant risk to users’ data privacy. In addition, 28.4% (141/497) of the apps did not provide a website for their privacy policy. Moreover, it was found that 40.0% (199/497) of the apps contained advertising, and some apps that claimed not to contain advertisements actually did. Ninety-five percent of the apps were free, and those belonging to the “medical” and “health and fitness” categories were the most popular. However, app users do not always realize that the free apps’ business model is largely based on advertising and, consequently, on sharing or selling their private data, either directly or indirectly, to unknown third parties.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p dir="ltr">The aforementioned findings confirm the necessity of educating patients and health care providers and raising their awareness regarding the privacy aspects of diabetes apps. Therefore, this research recommends properly and comprehensively training users, ensuring that governments and regulatory bodies enforce strict data protection laws, devising much tougher security policies and protocols in Android and in the Google Play Store, and implicating and supervising all stakeholders in the apps’ development process.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: JMIR Diabetes<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16146" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16146</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/25771143
publishDate 2021
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rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of AppsJosé Javier Flors-Sidro (18518946)Mowafa Househ (9154124)Alaa Abd-Alrazaq (17430900)Josep Vidal-Alaball (10224958)Luis Fernandez-Luque (3572423)Carlos Luis Sanchez-Bocanegra (18518949)Biomedical and clinical sciencesMedical biochemistry and metabolomicsHealth sciencesHealth services and systemsdiabetes mellitusprivacymobile appsdangerous permissions<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Mobile health has become a major vehicle of support for people living with diabetes. Accordingly, the availability of mobile apps for diabetes has been steadily increasing. Most of the previous reviews of diabetes apps have focused on the apps’ features and their alignment with clinical guidelines. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the actual compliance of diabetes apps with privacy and data security guidelines.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p dir="ltr">The aim of this study was to assess the levels of privacy of mobile apps for diabetes to contribute to the raising of awareness of privacy issues for app users, developers, and governmental data protection regulators.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">We developed a semiautomatic app search module capable of retrieving Android apps’ privacy-related information, particularly the dangerous permissions required by apps, with the aim of analyzing privacy aspects related to diabetes apps. Following the research selection criteria, the original 882 apps were narrowed down to 497 apps that were included in the analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">Approximately 60% of the analyzed diabetes apps requested potentially dangerous permissions, which pose a significant risk to users’ data privacy. In addition, 28.4% (141/497) of the apps did not provide a website for their privacy policy. Moreover, it was found that 40.0% (199/497) of the apps contained advertising, and some apps that claimed not to contain advertisements actually did. Ninety-five percent of the apps were free, and those belonging to the “medical” and “health and fitness” categories were the most popular. However, app users do not always realize that the free apps’ business model is largely based on advertising and, consequently, on sharing or selling their private data, either directly or indirectly, to unknown third parties.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p dir="ltr">The aforementioned findings confirm the necessity of educating patients and health care providers and raising their awareness regarding the privacy aspects of diabetes apps. Therefore, this research recommends properly and comprehensively training users, ensuring that governments and regulatory bodies enforce strict data protection laws, devising much tougher security policies and protocols in Android and in the Google Play Store, and implicating and supervising all stakeholders in the apps’ development process.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: JMIR Diabetes<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16146" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16146</a></p>2021-01-13T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.2196/16146https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Analysis_of_Diabetes_Apps_to_Assess_Privacy-Related_Permissions_Systematic_Search_of_Apps/25771143CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/257711432021-01-13T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
José Javier Flors-Sidro (18518946)
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Health sciences
Health services and systems
diabetes mellitus
privacy
mobile apps
dangerous permissions
status_str publishedVersion
title Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
title_full Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
title_fullStr Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
title_short Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
title_sort Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
topic Biomedical and clinical sciences
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Health sciences
Health services and systems
diabetes mellitus
privacy
mobile apps
dangerous permissions