Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization

<p dir="ltr">A Cold Plasma (CP) biokinetic simulation model was developed to treat harmful algal blooms (HABs) and enable concurrent biofuel production using Spirulina platensis and River Seine Algal Blooms (RSAB). The process utilized a Pipe Plasma Air Reactor (PP-air R) with a coro...

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Main Author: Ahmed M.D. Al Ketife (22497161) (author)
Other Authors: Fares Al-Momani (22497164) (author)
Published: 2025
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author Ahmed M.D. Al Ketife (22497161)
author2 Fares Al-Momani (22497164)
author2_role author
author_facet Ahmed M.D. Al Ketife (22497161)
Fares Al-Momani (22497164)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ahmed M.D. Al Ketife (22497161)
Fares Al-Momani (22497164)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-10-25T09:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.algal.2025.104393
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Integrative_cold_plasma-biokinetic_modelling_for_efficient_removal_of_harmful_algal_blooms_and_biofuel_valorization/30447434
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Chemical engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Environmental biotechnology
Environmental management
Biokinetic
Corona discharge
Cold plasma
Growth status
Harmful algal blooms
Removal efficiency
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">A Cold Plasma (CP) biokinetic simulation model was developed to treat harmful algal blooms (HABs) and enable concurrent biofuel production using Spirulina platensis and River Seine Algal Blooms (RSAB). The process utilized a Pipe Plasma Air Reactor (PP-air R) with a corona discharge system operating at atmospheric pressure, 600 K, and 10 kV. Plasma performance was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics, while algal physiological states such as normal (Ns), inhibition (Is), and excitation (Es) were modelled using status parameters α, β, and γ. A novel equation integrating the inhibition profile (If) with the growth rate (Rx) was solved using nonlinear regression in MATLAB. Results showed electron densities up to 1 × 10<sup>11</sup> m<sup>−3</sup> and stable electron temperatures (<0.1 V), indicating reliable plasma behavior. The model showed high accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99, 1 % error). Growth peaked at 0.19 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup> under 72.7 μE·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> light intensity, while full inhibition occurred at 140 μE·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>. The CP system achieved 100 % removal efficiency with an energy cost of 0.69 USD·m<sup>−3</sup>·order<sup>−1</sup>. Incorporating biofuel production from treated biomass reduced operational costs by 73.75 %. This integrated approach is both environmentally sustainable and economically feasible for HAB remediation and resource recovery.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Algal Research<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2025.104393" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2025.104393</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_66f6fb2bd9013d3f9487c291a010b2e5
identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.algal.2025.104393
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30447434
publishDate 2025
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spelling Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorizationAhmed M.D. Al Ketife (22497161)Fares Al-Momani (22497164)EngineeringChemical engineeringEnvironmental engineeringEnvironmental sciencesClimate change impacts and adaptationEnvironmental biotechnologyEnvironmental managementBiokineticCorona dischargeCold plasmaGrowth statusHarmful algal bloomsRemoval efficiency<p dir="ltr">A Cold Plasma (CP) biokinetic simulation model was developed to treat harmful algal blooms (HABs) and enable concurrent biofuel production using Spirulina platensis and River Seine Algal Blooms (RSAB). The process utilized a Pipe Plasma Air Reactor (PP-air R) with a corona discharge system operating at atmospheric pressure, 600 K, and 10 kV. Plasma performance was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics, while algal physiological states such as normal (Ns), inhibition (Is), and excitation (Es) were modelled using status parameters α, β, and γ. A novel equation integrating the inhibition profile (If) with the growth rate (Rx) was solved using nonlinear regression in MATLAB. Results showed electron densities up to 1 × 10<sup>11</sup> m<sup>−3</sup> and stable electron temperatures (<0.1 V), indicating reliable plasma behavior. The model showed high accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99, 1 % error). Growth peaked at 0.19 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup> under 72.7 μE·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup> light intensity, while full inhibition occurred at 140 μE·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>. The CP system achieved 100 % removal efficiency with an energy cost of 0.69 USD·m<sup>−3</sup>·order<sup>−1</sup>. Incorporating biofuel production from treated biomass reduced operational costs by 73.75 %. This integrated approach is both environmentally sustainable and economically feasible for HAB remediation and resource recovery.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Algal Research<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2025.104393" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2025.104393</a></p>2025-10-25T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.algal.2025.104393https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Integrative_cold_plasma-biokinetic_modelling_for_efficient_removal_of_harmful_algal_blooms_and_biofuel_valorization/30447434CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/304474342025-10-25T09:00:00Z
spellingShingle Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization
Ahmed M.D. Al Ketife (22497161)
Engineering
Chemical engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Environmental biotechnology
Environmental management
Biokinetic
Corona discharge
Cold plasma
Growth status
Harmful algal blooms
Removal efficiency
status_str publishedVersion
title Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization
title_full Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization
title_fullStr Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization
title_full_unstemmed Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization
title_short Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization
title_sort Integrative cold plasma-biokinetic modelling for efficient removal of harmful algal blooms and biofuel valorization
topic Engineering
Chemical engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Environmental biotechnology
Environmental management
Biokinetic
Corona discharge
Cold plasma
Growth status
Harmful algal blooms
Removal efficiency