Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems
<p dir="ltr">The rise of decentralized technologies introduces challenges in fairness, efficiency, and scalability within distributed ledger protocols. The Internet of Things Applications (IOTA) Tangle, a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based structure, addresses these challenges by ena...
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , |
| منشور في: |
2025
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| الموضوعات: | |
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إضافة وسم
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| _version_ | 1864513533205544960 |
|---|---|
| author | Mays Alshaikhli (22564811) |
| author2 | Somaya Al-Maadeed (5178131) Moutaz Saleh (14151402) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Mays Alshaikhli (22564811) Somaya Al-Maadeed (5178131) Moutaz Saleh (14151402) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Mays Alshaikhli (22564811) Somaya Al-Maadeed (5178131) Moutaz Saleh (14151402) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-09-29T09:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1007/s10586-025-05432-8 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Enhancing_fairness_and_scalability_in_IOTA_tangle_networks_a_POMDP-based_tip_selection_algorithm_for_decentralized_systems/30540851 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Information and computing sciences Artificial intelligence Computer vision and multimedia computation Machine learning IOTA tangle Distributed ledger technology Tip selection algorithm POMDP IoT Blockchain |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">The rise of decentralized technologies introduces challenges in fairness, efficiency, and scalability within distributed ledger protocols. The Internet of Things Applications (IOTA) Tangle, a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based structure, addresses these challenges by enabling scalable, feeless transactions for IoT applications. This study presents a novel Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP)-based Tip Selection Algorithm (TSA) to optimize fairness in the IOTA Tangle. The proposed TSA reduces orphaned transactions to as low as 0.003% and eliminates lazy tip selection under medium network loads. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the POMDP-based TSA confirms up to 107 transactions at optimal lambda values, outperforming existing algorithms like Weighted TSA by 328% in efficiency. This algorithm offers significant scalability, fairness, and adaptability, making it a robust solution for IoT-based decentralized applications. These findings advance DAG-based distributed ledger systems by addressing orphaned transactions and lazy behavior, ensuring secure and efficient operations under diverse network conditions.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Cluster Computing<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05432-8" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05432-8</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_68deb12e27769bb6068b9020bf5cb85a |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1007/s10586-025-05432-8 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30540851 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systemsMays Alshaikhli (22564811)Somaya Al-Maadeed (5178131)Moutaz Saleh (14151402)Information and computing sciencesArtificial intelligenceComputer vision and multimedia computationMachine learningIOTA tangleDistributed ledger technologyTip selection algorithmPOMDPIoTBlockchain<p dir="ltr">The rise of decentralized technologies introduces challenges in fairness, efficiency, and scalability within distributed ledger protocols. The Internet of Things Applications (IOTA) Tangle, a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based structure, addresses these challenges by enabling scalable, feeless transactions for IoT applications. This study presents a novel Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP)-based Tip Selection Algorithm (TSA) to optimize fairness in the IOTA Tangle. The proposed TSA reduces orphaned transactions to as low as 0.003% and eliminates lazy tip selection under medium network loads. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the POMDP-based TSA confirms up to 107 transactions at optimal lambda values, outperforming existing algorithms like Weighted TSA by 328% in efficiency. This algorithm offers significant scalability, fairness, and adaptability, making it a robust solution for IoT-based decentralized applications. These findings advance DAG-based distributed ledger systems by addressing orphaned transactions and lazy behavior, ensuring secure and efficient operations under diverse network conditions.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Cluster Computing<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05432-8" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05432-8</a></p>2025-09-29T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1007/s10586-025-05432-8https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Enhancing_fairness_and_scalability_in_IOTA_tangle_networks_a_POMDP-based_tip_selection_algorithm_for_decentralized_systems/30540851CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/305408512025-09-29T09:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems Mays Alshaikhli (22564811) Information and computing sciences Artificial intelligence Computer vision and multimedia computation Machine learning IOTA tangle Distributed ledger technology Tip selection algorithm POMDP IoT Blockchain |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems |
| title_full | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems |
| title_short | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems |
| title_sort | Enhancing fairness and scalability in IOTA tangle networks: a POMDP-based tip selection algorithm for decentralized systems |
| topic | Information and computing sciences Artificial intelligence Computer vision and multimedia computation Machine learning IOTA tangle Distributed ledger technology Tip selection algorithm POMDP IoT Blockchain |