Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries

<p dir="ltr">Accurate estimation of State-of-Charge (SoC) and core temperature is fundamental to optimizing the performance, safety, and longevity of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LiBs), particularly in Electric Vehicles (EVs). Traditional estimation methods fail to account for the complex,...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Aya Haraz (22225036) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Khalid Abualsaud (16888701) (author), Ahmed M. Massoud (16896417) (author)
منشور في: 2025
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author Aya Haraz (22225036)
author2 Khalid Abualsaud (16888701)
Ahmed M. Massoud (16896417)
author2_role author
author
author_facet Aya Haraz (22225036)
Khalid Abualsaud (16888701)
Ahmed M. Massoud (16896417)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Aya Haraz (22225036)
Khalid Abualsaud (16888701)
Ahmed M. Massoud (16896417)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-07-28T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1109/access.2025.3591057
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Hybrid_Tree-Based_Machine_Learning_Models_for_State-of-Charge_and_Core_Temperature_Estimation_in_EV_Batteries/30971278
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Electrical engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Data management and data science
Machine learning
electric vehicles
state-of-charge estimation
lithium-ion batteries
core temperature
tree-based model
linear regression
Gaussian multivariate copula
battery management systems
Computational modeling
Accuracy
Temperature measurement
Uncertainty
Data models
Adaptation models
Feature extraction
Analytical models
Training
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Accurate estimation of State-of-Charge (SoC) and core temperature is fundamental to optimizing the performance, safety, and longevity of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LiBs), particularly in Electric Vehicles (EVs). Traditional estimation methods fail to account for the complex, non-linear interactions between thermal and electrical dynamics and the challenges posed by data uncertainty. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework to estimate core temperature and SoC, considering diverse charging levels and uncertainties. For the data generation phase, first, features are extracted from a control-oriented electro-thermal coupling model, offering a computationally efficient alternative to resource-intensive experiments and avoiding a lack of data. Then, a correlation analysis between the ambient temperature and each feature (e.g., internal resistances, thermal capacity, and time) is performed, with linear regression applied to generate features showing strong linear relationships, and a Gaussian Multivariate Copula model is used to generate features with weak or non-linear dependencies. For the estimation phase, hybrid tree-based models were employed due to their robustness in handling complex and noisy datasets, and computational efficiency while integrating the complementary strengths of individual models. Among the combinations tested, the Extra Trees Regressor-Random Forest (ETR-RF) model delivered the highest estimation accuracy, while the Decision Tree-LightGBM (DT-LGBM) model exhibited the fastest training time. The ETR-RF model consistently reduced estimation errors, achieving RMSE values of 0.047°C and 1.25°C for core temperature and 0.5% and 0.56% for SoC estimation across white Gaussian noise levels, with standard deviations of 0.02 and 0.2, respectively. In contrast, the DT-LGBM model prioritized computational efficiency, requiring 1 second (average training time) for SoC estimation and 0.66 seconds for core temperature estimation, performed on a system equipped with an Intel Core i7-7500U CPU (2.70GHz base, 2.90GHz boost).</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3591057" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3591057</a></p>
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spelling Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV BatteriesAya Haraz (22225036)Khalid Abualsaud (16888701)Ahmed M. Massoud (16896417)EngineeringElectrical engineeringElectronics, sensors and digital hardwareInformation and computing sciencesArtificial intelligenceData management and data scienceMachine learningelectric vehiclesstate-of-charge estimationlithium-ion batteriescore temperaturetree-based modellinear regressionGaussian multivariate copulabattery management systemsComputational modelingAccuracyTemperature measurementUncertaintyData modelsAdaptation modelsFeature extractionAnalytical modelsTraining<p dir="ltr">Accurate estimation of State-of-Charge (SoC) and core temperature is fundamental to optimizing the performance, safety, and longevity of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LiBs), particularly in Electric Vehicles (EVs). Traditional estimation methods fail to account for the complex, non-linear interactions between thermal and electrical dynamics and the challenges posed by data uncertainty. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework to estimate core temperature and SoC, considering diverse charging levels and uncertainties. For the data generation phase, first, features are extracted from a control-oriented electro-thermal coupling model, offering a computationally efficient alternative to resource-intensive experiments and avoiding a lack of data. Then, a correlation analysis between the ambient temperature and each feature (e.g., internal resistances, thermal capacity, and time) is performed, with linear regression applied to generate features showing strong linear relationships, and a Gaussian Multivariate Copula model is used to generate features with weak or non-linear dependencies. For the estimation phase, hybrid tree-based models were employed due to their robustness in handling complex and noisy datasets, and computational efficiency while integrating the complementary strengths of individual models. Among the combinations tested, the Extra Trees Regressor-Random Forest (ETR-RF) model delivered the highest estimation accuracy, while the Decision Tree-LightGBM (DT-LGBM) model exhibited the fastest training time. The ETR-RF model consistently reduced estimation errors, achieving RMSE values of 0.047°C and 1.25°C for core temperature and 0.5% and 0.56% for SoC estimation across white Gaussian noise levels, with standard deviations of 0.02 and 0.2, respectively. In contrast, the DT-LGBM model prioritized computational efficiency, requiring 1 second (average training time) for SoC estimation and 0.66 seconds for core temperature estimation, performed on a system equipped with an Intel Core i7-7500U CPU (2.70GHz base, 2.90GHz boost).</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3591057" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3591057</a></p>2025-07-28T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1109/access.2025.3591057https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Hybrid_Tree-Based_Machine_Learning_Models_for_State-of-Charge_and_Core_Temperature_Estimation_in_EV_Batteries/30971278CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/309712782025-07-28T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries
Aya Haraz (22225036)
Engineering
Electrical engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Data management and data science
Machine learning
electric vehicles
state-of-charge estimation
lithium-ion batteries
core temperature
tree-based model
linear regression
Gaussian multivariate copula
battery management systems
Computational modeling
Accuracy
Temperature measurement
Uncertainty
Data models
Adaptation models
Feature extraction
Analytical models
Training
status_str publishedVersion
title Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries
title_full Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries
title_fullStr Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries
title_full_unstemmed Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries
title_short Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries
title_sort Hybrid Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for State-of-Charge and Core Temperature Estimation in EV Batteries
topic Engineering
Electrical engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Data management and data science
Machine learning
electric vehicles
state-of-charge estimation
lithium-ion batteries
core temperature
tree-based model
linear regression
Gaussian multivariate copula
battery management systems
Computational modeling
Accuracy
Temperature measurement
Uncertainty
Data models
Adaptation models
Feature extraction
Analytical models
Training