Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction

<p dir="ltr">Raynaud’s phenomenon is a peripheral vascular disorder characterized by exaggerated vasoconstrictive response to certain stimuli, most typically cold exposure and emotional stress. Interestingly, Raynaud’s phenomenon incidence is significantly higher in premenopausal fem...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Manal Fardoun (16328847) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Odette El Ghawi (22504046) (author), Christie Dib (22504049) (author), Leen Jaradi (22504052) (author), Marie Therese Chaddad (22504055) (author), Hassan Dehaini (14689341) (author), Ali H. Eid (5461829) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
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author Manal Fardoun (16328847)
author2 Odette El Ghawi (22504046)
Christie Dib (22504049)
Leen Jaradi (22504052)
Marie Therese Chaddad (22504055)
Hassan Dehaini (14689341)
Ali H. Eid (5461829)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Manal Fardoun (16328847)
Odette El Ghawi (22504046)
Christie Dib (22504049)
Leen Jaradi (22504052)
Marie Therese Chaddad (22504055)
Hassan Dehaini (14689341)
Ali H. Eid (5461829)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Manal Fardoun (16328847)
Odette El Ghawi (22504046)
Christie Dib (22504049)
Leen Jaradi (22504052)
Marie Therese Chaddad (22504055)
Hassan Dehaini (14689341)
Ali H. Eid (5461829)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-06-12T09:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1007/s10787-025-01792-0
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Cold_responses_and_hormonal_echoes_a_comprehensive_view_of_Raynaud_s_vascular_dysfunction/30455816
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biomedical and clinical sciences
Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Immunology
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Neurosciences
Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Cold-induced constriction
Arterioles
Peripheral vascular disease
Adrenergic receptors
Thermoregulation
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Raynaud’s phenomenon is a peripheral vascular disorder characterized by exaggerated vasoconstrictive response to certain stimuli, most typically cold exposure and emotional stress. Interestingly, Raynaud’s phenomenon incidence is significantly higher in premenopausal females compared to age-matched males, highlighting a role of the female hormone, estrogen, in Raynaud’s phenomenon pathogenesis. Indeed, estrogen plays a fundamental role in potentiating the expression and function of α2C adrenoceptor (α2C-AR), the sole mediator of local cooling-induced vasoconstriction. Due to the mosaic nature of Raynaud’s phenomenon involving vascular, hormonal, and neuronal factors, as well as due to the lack of an appropriate animal model, the pathogenesis of Raynaud’s phenomenon is not fully elucidated. Consequently, despite various therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon, a definitive treatment for Raynaud’s phenomenon is quite challenging and remains an unmet need. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of Raynaud’s phenomenon is crucial to better delineate pharmacotherapeutic targets to help fight this elusive disease. In this paper, we dissect the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Raynaud’s phenomenon and its risk factors, and we shed more light on the role of estrogen. We also explore traditional and current therapeutic approaches, including pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments. In addition, we discuss how the advancement in molecular research offered promising avenues of Raynaud’s phenomenon treatment, namely drug repurposing and molecular targeting. Nonetheless, enhanced awareness, precaution, and good patient compliance are critically important in preventing the progression of Raynaud’s phenomenon and reducing its severity.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Inflammopharmacology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01792-0" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01792-0</a></p>
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identifier_str_mv 10.1007/s10787-025-01792-0
network_acronym_str Manara2
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publishDate 2025
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spelling Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunctionManal Fardoun (16328847)Odette El Ghawi (22504046)Christie Dib (22504049)Leen Jaradi (22504052)Marie Therese Chaddad (22504055)Hassan Dehaini (14689341)Ali H. Eid (5461829)Biomedical and clinical sciencesCardiovascular medicine and haematologyImmunologyMedical biochemistry and metabolomicsNeurosciencesPharmacology and pharmaceutical sciencesCold-induced constrictionArteriolesPeripheral vascular diseaseAdrenergic receptorsThermoregulation<p dir="ltr">Raynaud’s phenomenon is a peripheral vascular disorder characterized by exaggerated vasoconstrictive response to certain stimuli, most typically cold exposure and emotional stress. Interestingly, Raynaud’s phenomenon incidence is significantly higher in premenopausal females compared to age-matched males, highlighting a role of the female hormone, estrogen, in Raynaud’s phenomenon pathogenesis. Indeed, estrogen plays a fundamental role in potentiating the expression and function of α2C adrenoceptor (α2C-AR), the sole mediator of local cooling-induced vasoconstriction. Due to the mosaic nature of Raynaud’s phenomenon involving vascular, hormonal, and neuronal factors, as well as due to the lack of an appropriate animal model, the pathogenesis of Raynaud’s phenomenon is not fully elucidated. Consequently, despite various therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon, a definitive treatment for Raynaud’s phenomenon is quite challenging and remains an unmet need. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of Raynaud’s phenomenon is crucial to better delineate pharmacotherapeutic targets to help fight this elusive disease. In this paper, we dissect the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Raynaud’s phenomenon and its risk factors, and we shed more light on the role of estrogen. We also explore traditional and current therapeutic approaches, including pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments. In addition, we discuss how the advancement in molecular research offered promising avenues of Raynaud’s phenomenon treatment, namely drug repurposing and molecular targeting. Nonetheless, enhanced awareness, precaution, and good patient compliance are critically important in preventing the progression of Raynaud’s phenomenon and reducing its severity.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Inflammopharmacology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01792-0" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01792-0</a></p>2025-06-12T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1007/s10787-025-01792-0https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Cold_responses_and_hormonal_echoes_a_comprehensive_view_of_Raynaud_s_vascular_dysfunction/30455816CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/304558162025-06-12T09:00:00Z
spellingShingle Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction
Manal Fardoun (16328847)
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Immunology
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Neurosciences
Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Cold-induced constriction
Arterioles
Peripheral vascular disease
Adrenergic receptors
Thermoregulation
status_str publishedVersion
title Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction
title_full Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction
title_fullStr Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction
title_full_unstemmed Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction
title_short Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction
title_sort Cold responses and hormonal echoes: a comprehensive view of Raynaud’s vascular dysfunction
topic Biomedical and clinical sciences
Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Immunology
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Neurosciences
Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Cold-induced constriction
Arterioles
Peripheral vascular disease
Adrenergic receptors
Thermoregulation