Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry

<p dir="ltr">The rise of antibiotic-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry poses a significant public health challenge. This study assessed the efficacy of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde, in free and nanoencapsulated forms, as natural alternatives to chlorine for inac...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Samah Mechmechani (12988420) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Kosar Zadeh (22928896) (author), Neda Zadeh (12869225) (author), Adem Gharsallaoui (12988423) (author), Nahla O. Eltai (9291053) (author), Tareq M. Osaili (9324412) (author), Layal Karam (17019102) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
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_version_ 1864513525499559936
author Samah Mechmechani (12988420)
author2 Kosar Zadeh (22928896)
Neda Zadeh (12869225)
Adem Gharsallaoui (12988423)
Nahla O. Eltai (9291053)
Tareq M. Osaili (9324412)
Layal Karam (17019102)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Samah Mechmechani (12988420)
Kosar Zadeh (22928896)
Neda Zadeh (12869225)
Adem Gharsallaoui (12988423)
Nahla O. Eltai (9291053)
Tareq M. Osaili (9324412)
Layal Karam (17019102)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Samah Mechmechani (12988420)
Kosar Zadeh (22928896)
Neda Zadeh (12869225)
Adem Gharsallaoui (12988423)
Nahla O. Eltai (9291053)
Tareq M. Osaili (9324412)
Layal Karam (17019102)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-08-14T09:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1007/s00253-025-13573-4
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Advanced_monolayer_and_layer-by-layer_nanocapsule_systems_for_sustained_release_of_carvacrol_and_trans-cinnamaldehyde_against_multidrug-resistant_i_Salmonella_i_in_poultry/30971665
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Food sciences
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Health sciences
Public health
Poultry
Nanoencapsulation
Monolayer
Layer-by-layer
Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial resistance
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">The rise of antibiotic-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry poses a significant public health challenge. This study assessed the efficacy of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde, in free and nanoencapsulated forms, as natural alternatives to chlorine for inactivating antibiotic-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in chicken. While several studies have evaluated free trans-cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol, there is a notable lack of research on encapsulated forms, using different types of capsules for controlled release of these antimicrobials in food applications. Both compounds were encapsulated by spray-drying into monolayer nanocapsules using maltodextrin as the carrier material, and into layer-by-layer nanocapsules with an additional layer of low methoxyl pectin, to enhance their stability and prolong antimicrobial activity. Twelve treatment groups were evaluated, including controls (distilled water), chlorine (50 ppm), and various concentrations of carvacrol and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde in their free or nanoencapsulated forms. The combination of monolayer and layer-by-layer carvacrol nanocapsules at a total concentration of 4% resulted in the highest <i>Salmonella</i> reduction (3.7 log CFU/g) after 11 days, significantly outperforming all other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Trans-cinnamaldehyde-based treatments, whether free or encapsulated forms, demonstrated delayed but notable reductions (2.0–2.2 log CFU/g), followed by carvacrol treatments at 2% using layer-by-layer nanocapsules alone or in combination with monolayer nanocapsules (1.5 log CFU/g). Free or monolayer carvacrol at 2% achieved reductions of 1.1–1.3 log CFU/g, while chlorine (50 ppm) was the least effective, with a reduction of 0.9 log CFU/g. These findings underscore the potential of nanoencapsulated carvacrol and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde as sustainable, eco-friendly, and effective solutions for enhancing poultry safety, mitigating antimicrobial resistance, and meeting consumer preferences for natural food preservation.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-025-13573-4" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-025-13573-4</a></p>
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identifier_str_mv 10.1007/s00253-025-13573-4
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30971665
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spelling Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultrySamah Mechmechani (12988420)Kosar Zadeh (22928896)Neda Zadeh (12869225)Adem Gharsallaoui (12988423)Nahla O. Eltai (9291053)Tareq M. Osaili (9324412)Layal Karam (17019102)Agricultural, veterinary and food sciencesFood sciencesEnvironmental sciencesEnvironmental biotechnologyHealth sciencesPublic healthPoultryNanoencapsulationMonolayerLayer-by-layerAntimicrobial activityAntimicrobial resistance<p dir="ltr">The rise of antibiotic-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry poses a significant public health challenge. This study assessed the efficacy of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde, in free and nanoencapsulated forms, as natural alternatives to chlorine for inactivating antibiotic-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in chicken. While several studies have evaluated free trans-cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol, there is a notable lack of research on encapsulated forms, using different types of capsules for controlled release of these antimicrobials in food applications. Both compounds were encapsulated by spray-drying into monolayer nanocapsules using maltodextrin as the carrier material, and into layer-by-layer nanocapsules with an additional layer of low methoxyl pectin, to enhance their stability and prolong antimicrobial activity. Twelve treatment groups were evaluated, including controls (distilled water), chlorine (50 ppm), and various concentrations of carvacrol and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde in their free or nanoencapsulated forms. The combination of monolayer and layer-by-layer carvacrol nanocapsules at a total concentration of 4% resulted in the highest <i>Salmonella</i> reduction (3.7 log CFU/g) after 11 days, significantly outperforming all other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Trans-cinnamaldehyde-based treatments, whether free or encapsulated forms, demonstrated delayed but notable reductions (2.0–2.2 log CFU/g), followed by carvacrol treatments at 2% using layer-by-layer nanocapsules alone or in combination with monolayer nanocapsules (1.5 log CFU/g). Free or monolayer carvacrol at 2% achieved reductions of 1.1–1.3 log CFU/g, while chlorine (50 ppm) was the least effective, with a reduction of 0.9 log CFU/g. These findings underscore the potential of nanoencapsulated carvacrol and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde as sustainable, eco-friendly, and effective solutions for enhancing poultry safety, mitigating antimicrobial resistance, and meeting consumer preferences for natural food preservation.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-025-13573-4" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-025-13573-4</a></p>2025-08-14T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1007/s00253-025-13573-4https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Advanced_monolayer_and_layer-by-layer_nanocapsule_systems_for_sustained_release_of_carvacrol_and_trans-cinnamaldehyde_against_multidrug-resistant_i_Salmonella_i_in_poultry/30971665CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/309716652025-08-14T09:00:00Z
spellingShingle Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry
Samah Mechmechani (12988420)
Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Food sciences
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Health sciences
Public health
Poultry
Nanoencapsulation
Monolayer
Layer-by-layer
Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial resistance
status_str publishedVersion
title Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry
title_full Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry
title_fullStr Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry
title_full_unstemmed Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry
title_short Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry
title_sort Advanced monolayer and layer-by-layer nanocapsule systems for sustained release of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry
topic Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Food sciences
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Health sciences
Public health
Poultry
Nanoencapsulation
Monolayer
Layer-by-layer
Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial resistance