Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time

<h3 dir="ltr">Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Supply constraints during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to vaccination strategies that prioritized first-dose coverage. To evaluate the merit of this approach, this study compared the development o...

وصف كامل

محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Hiam Chemaitelly (439114) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Houssein H. Ayoub (9262512) (author), Peter Coyle (787159) (author), Patrick Tang (239534) (author), Mohammad R. Hasan (13777597) (author), Hadi M. Yassine (4675846) (author), Asmaa A. Al Thani (10494576) (author), Zaina Al-Kanaani (4557205) (author), Einas Al-Kuwari (13777606) (author), Andrew Jeremijenko (11506565) (author), Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal (11847034) (author), Ali Nizar Latif (11570540) (author), Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik (11847037) (author), Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim (13777600) (author), Gheyath K. Nasrallah (9200525) (author), Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari (4264192) (author), Adeel A. Butt (3697705) (author), Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi (6837251) (author), Mohamed H. Al-Thani (11847049) (author), Abdullatif Al-Khal (11721410) (author), Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
الوسوم: إضافة وسم
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_version_ 1864513525550940160
author Hiam Chemaitelly (439114)
author2 Houssein H. Ayoub (9262512)
Peter Coyle (787159)
Patrick Tang (239534)
Mohammad R. Hasan (13777597)
Hadi M. Yassine (4675846)
Asmaa A. Al Thani (10494576)
Zaina Al-Kanaani (4557205)
Einas Al-Kuwari (13777606)
Andrew Jeremijenko (11506565)
Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal (11847034)
Ali Nizar Latif (11570540)
Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik (11847037)
Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim (13777600)
Gheyath K. Nasrallah (9200525)
Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari (4264192)
Adeel A. Butt (3697705)
Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi (6837251)
Mohamed H. Al-Thani (11847049)
Abdullatif Al-Khal (11721410)
Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Hiam Chemaitelly (439114)
Houssein H. Ayoub (9262512)
Peter Coyle (787159)
Patrick Tang (239534)
Mohammad R. Hasan (13777597)
Hadi M. Yassine (4675846)
Asmaa A. Al Thani (10494576)
Zaina Al-Kanaani (4557205)
Einas Al-Kuwari (13777606)
Andrew Jeremijenko (11506565)
Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal (11847034)
Ali Nizar Latif (11570540)
Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik (11847037)
Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim (13777600)
Gheyath K. Nasrallah (9200525)
Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari (4264192)
Adeel A. Butt (3697705)
Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi (6837251)
Mohamed H. Al-Thani (11847049)
Abdullatif Al-Khal (11721410)
Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Hiam Chemaitelly (439114)
Houssein H. Ayoub (9262512)
Peter Coyle (787159)
Patrick Tang (239534)
Mohammad R. Hasan (13777597)
Hadi M. Yassine (4675846)
Asmaa A. Al Thani (10494576)
Zaina Al-Kanaani (4557205)
Einas Al-Kuwari (13777606)
Andrew Jeremijenko (11506565)
Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal (11847034)
Ali Nizar Latif (11570540)
Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik (11847037)
Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim (13777600)
Gheyath K. Nasrallah (9200525)
Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari (4264192)
Adeel A. Butt (3697705)
Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi (6837251)
Mohamed H. Al-Thani (11847049)
Abdullatif Al-Khal (11721410)
Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-07-29T12:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127556
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Comparative_effectiveness_of_one_versus_two_doses_of_COVID-19_vaccines_in_Qatar_Evidence_of_converging_protection_over_time/30971464
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biomedical and clinical sciences
Clinical sciences
Immunology
Health sciences
Epidemiology
Public health
Case-control
Test-negative
Immunity
BNT162b2
mRNA-1273
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <h3 dir="ltr">Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Supply constraints during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to vaccination strategies that prioritized first-dose coverage. To evaluate the merit of this approach, this study compared the development of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe COVID-19 following a single dose versus two doses across three widely used vaccine platforms.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">National, matched, test-negative case-control analyses were conducted in Qatar between December 1, 2020, and December 18, 2021, to evaluate vaccine effectiveness. The one-dose analysis included 227,309 cases and 4,170,786 controls; the two-dose analysis included 234,314 cases and 6,445,858 controls.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Results</h3><p dir="ltr">For BNT162b2, single-dose effectiveness against infection increased steadily from 9.9 % (95 % CI: 6.7–13.0 %) in the first two weeks post-vaccination to 71.5 % (95 % CI: 45.5–85.1 %) by month 3, closely approaching the 74.5 % (95 % CI: 72.9–76.0 %) effectiveness observed after the two-dose primary series. Similar trends were observed for mRNA-1273 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, with mRNA-1273 reaching two-dose levels of effectiveness as early as month 2. In contrast to the gradual buildup of protection against infection, single-dose effectiveness against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 increased rapidly for all three vaccines, exceeding 85 % by day 21 and closely matching the protection achieved after two doses.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">A single COVID-19 vaccine dose provides rapid, strong protection against severe outcomes, supporting first-dose prioritization during supply constraints. The slower development of protection against infection highlights the second dose's role in accelerating the immune response. Antigen dose appears to influence the speed of protection buildup.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Vaccine<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127556" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127556</a></p><p dir="ltr">Other institutions affiliated with: College of Health and Life Sciences - HBKU</p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127556
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30971464
publishDate 2025
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rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over timeHiam Chemaitelly (439114)Houssein H. Ayoub (9262512)Peter Coyle (787159)Patrick Tang (239534)Mohammad R. Hasan (13777597)Hadi M. Yassine (4675846)Asmaa A. Al Thani (10494576)Zaina Al-Kanaani (4557205)Einas Al-Kuwari (13777606)Andrew Jeremijenko (11506565)Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal (11847034)Ali Nizar Latif (11570540)Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik (11847037)Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim (13777600)Gheyath K. Nasrallah (9200525)Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari (4264192)Adeel A. Butt (3697705)Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi (6837251)Mohamed H. Al-Thani (11847049)Abdullatif Al-Khal (11721410)Laith J. Abu-Raddad (9262524)Biomedical and clinical sciencesClinical sciencesImmunologyHealth sciencesEpidemiologyPublic healthCase-controlTest-negativeImmunityBNT162b2mRNA-1273ChAdOx1 nCoV-19<h3 dir="ltr">Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Supply constraints during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to vaccination strategies that prioritized first-dose coverage. To evaluate the merit of this approach, this study compared the development of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe COVID-19 following a single dose versus two doses across three widely used vaccine platforms.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">National, matched, test-negative case-control analyses were conducted in Qatar between December 1, 2020, and December 18, 2021, to evaluate vaccine effectiveness. The one-dose analysis included 227,309 cases and 4,170,786 controls; the two-dose analysis included 234,314 cases and 6,445,858 controls.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Results</h3><p dir="ltr">For BNT162b2, single-dose effectiveness against infection increased steadily from 9.9 % (95 % CI: 6.7–13.0 %) in the first two weeks post-vaccination to 71.5 % (95 % CI: 45.5–85.1 %) by month 3, closely approaching the 74.5 % (95 % CI: 72.9–76.0 %) effectiveness observed after the two-dose primary series. Similar trends were observed for mRNA-1273 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, with mRNA-1273 reaching two-dose levels of effectiveness as early as month 2. In contrast to the gradual buildup of protection against infection, single-dose effectiveness against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 increased rapidly for all three vaccines, exceeding 85 % by day 21 and closely matching the protection achieved after two doses.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">A single COVID-19 vaccine dose provides rapid, strong protection against severe outcomes, supporting first-dose prioritization during supply constraints. The slower development of protection against infection highlights the second dose's role in accelerating the immune response. Antigen dose appears to influence the speed of protection buildup.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Vaccine<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127556" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127556</a></p><p dir="ltr">Other institutions affiliated with: College of Health and Life Sciences - HBKU</p>2025-07-29T12:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127556https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Comparative_effectiveness_of_one_versus_two_doses_of_COVID-19_vaccines_in_Qatar_Evidence_of_converging_protection_over_time/30971464CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/309714642025-07-29T12:00:00Z
spellingShingle Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time
Hiam Chemaitelly (439114)
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Clinical sciences
Immunology
Health sciences
Epidemiology
Public health
Case-control
Test-negative
Immunity
BNT162b2
mRNA-1273
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
status_str publishedVersion
title Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time
title_full Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time
title_fullStr Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time
title_full_unstemmed Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time
title_short Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time
title_sort Comparative effectiveness of one versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in Qatar: Evidence of converging protection over time
topic Biomedical and clinical sciences
Clinical sciences
Immunology
Health sciences
Epidemiology
Public health
Case-control
Test-negative
Immunity
BNT162b2
mRNA-1273
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19