An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films
<p dir="ltr">Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of high value and high performance components with applications from aerospace to biomedical fields. We report here on the fabrication of poly(3-hexylthiophene): phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) thin film...
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2023
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| author | Zulfikre Esa (19457344) |
| author2 | Malik Muhammad Nauman (10591607) Lei Jin (120473) Muhammad Usman Khalid (19457347) Juliana Hj Zaini (19457350) Asif Iqbal (2428159) Kamran Ali (8861576) Brahim Aïssa (14157243) Federico Rosei (1371012) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Zulfikre Esa (19457344) Malik Muhammad Nauman (10591607) Lei Jin (120473) Muhammad Usman Khalid (19457347) Juliana Hj Zaini (19457350) Asif Iqbal (2428159) Kamran Ali (8861576) Brahim Aïssa (14157243) Federico Rosei (1371012) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Zulfikre Esa (19457344) Malik Muhammad Nauman (10591607) Lei Jin (120473) Muhammad Usman Khalid (19457347) Juliana Hj Zaini (19457350) Asif Iqbal (2428159) Kamran Ali (8861576) Brahim Aïssa (14157243) Federico Rosei (1371012) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2023-09-28T09:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-023-43113-x |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_additive_manufacturing_approach_based_on_electrohydrodynamic_printing_to_fabricate_P3HT_PCBM_thin_films/26796184 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Engineering Materials engineering Additive Manufacturing (AM) Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA) Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM) Thin Films Organic Solar Cells Film Fabrication |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of high value and high performance components with applications from aerospace to biomedical fields. We report here on the fabrication of poly(3-hexylthiophene): phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) thin films through the electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) process and its integration as absorber layer for organic solar cells. Prior to the film fabrication, the optimization of the process was carried out by developing the operating envelope for the P3HT:PCBM ink to determine the optimal flow rate and the appropriate applied voltage to achieve a stable-cone deposition mode. The EHDA printed thin-film’s topography, morphology and optical properties were systematically analyzed. The root-mean-square roughness was found to vary significantly with the annealing temperature and the flow rate and ranged from 1.938 to 3.345 nm. The estimated film mass and thickness were found between 3.235 and 23.471 mg and 597.5 nm to 1.60 µm, respectively. The films exhibited a broad visible absorption spectrum ranging from ~ 340 to ~ 600 nm, with a maximum peak λ<sub>max</sub> located at ~ 500 nm. As the annealing temperature and the flow rate were increased, discernible alterations in the PCBM clusters were consequently observed in the blends of the film and the size of the PCBM clusters has decreased by 3% while the distance between them was highly reduced by as much as 82%.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Scientific Reports<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43113-x" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43113-x</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_6d56b6d4188b680d15e2e465ab25e263 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-023-43113-x |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/26796184 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin filmsZulfikre Esa (19457344)Malik Muhammad Nauman (10591607)Lei Jin (120473)Muhammad Usman Khalid (19457347)Juliana Hj Zaini (19457350)Asif Iqbal (2428159)Kamran Ali (8861576)Brahim Aïssa (14157243)Federico Rosei (1371012)EngineeringMaterials engineeringAdditive Manufacturing (AM)Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA)Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM)Thin FilmsOrganic Solar CellsFilm Fabrication<p dir="ltr">Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of high value and high performance components with applications from aerospace to biomedical fields. We report here on the fabrication of poly(3-hexylthiophene): phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) thin films through the electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) process and its integration as absorber layer for organic solar cells. Prior to the film fabrication, the optimization of the process was carried out by developing the operating envelope for the P3HT:PCBM ink to determine the optimal flow rate and the appropriate applied voltage to achieve a stable-cone deposition mode. The EHDA printed thin-film’s topography, morphology and optical properties were systematically analyzed. The root-mean-square roughness was found to vary significantly with the annealing temperature and the flow rate and ranged from 1.938 to 3.345 nm. The estimated film mass and thickness were found between 3.235 and 23.471 mg and 597.5 nm to 1.60 µm, respectively. The films exhibited a broad visible absorption spectrum ranging from ~ 340 to ~ 600 nm, with a maximum peak λ<sub>max</sub> located at ~ 500 nm. As the annealing temperature and the flow rate were increased, discernible alterations in the PCBM clusters were consequently observed in the blends of the film and the size of the PCBM clusters has decreased by 3% while the distance between them was highly reduced by as much as 82%.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Scientific Reports<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43113-x" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43113-x</a></p>2023-09-28T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1038/s41598-023-43113-xhttps://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_additive_manufacturing_approach_based_on_electrohydrodynamic_printing_to_fabricate_P3HT_PCBM_thin_films/26796184CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/267961842023-09-28T09:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films Zulfikre Esa (19457344) Engineering Materials engineering Additive Manufacturing (AM) Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA) Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM) Thin Films Organic Solar Cells Film Fabrication |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films |
| title_full | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films |
| title_fullStr | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films |
| title_full_unstemmed | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films |
| title_short | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films |
| title_sort | An additive manufacturing approach based on electrohydrodynamic printing to fabricate P3HT:PCBM thin films |
| topic | Engineering Materials engineering Additive Manufacturing (AM) Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA) Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM) Thin Films Organic Solar Cells Film Fabrication |