Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields

<h2>Objective</h2><p dir="ltr">Monitor unit (MU) verification for any symmetric or asymmetric field is performed using a total scatter factor (S<sub>cp</sub>), that is calculated based on the geometric equivalent square field (GESF) concept. In this study, we...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Mohammad Samir Hmodi (17746776) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Majeda Nahili (17746779) (author), Ioannis A. Tsalafoutas (14776939) (author), Bassam Saad (17746782) (author), Ali Hasan (17746785) (author), Ousamah Anjak (17746788) (author), Karlos Shamout (17746791) (author)
منشور في: 2023
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author Mohammad Samir Hmodi (17746776)
author2 Majeda Nahili (17746779)
Ioannis A. Tsalafoutas (14776939)
Bassam Saad (17746782)
Ali Hasan (17746785)
Ousamah Anjak (17746788)
Karlos Shamout (17746791)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Mohammad Samir Hmodi (17746776)
Majeda Nahili (17746779)
Ioannis A. Tsalafoutas (14776939)
Bassam Saad (17746782)
Ali Hasan (17746785)
Ousamah Anjak (17746788)
Karlos Shamout (17746791)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mohammad Samir Hmodi (17746776)
Majeda Nahili (17746779)
Ioannis A. Tsalafoutas (14776939)
Bassam Saad (17746782)
Ali Hasan (17746785)
Ousamah Anjak (17746788)
Karlos Shamout (17746791)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-13T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1002/acm2.14103
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Validation_of_the_geometric_equivalent_field_concept_in_total_scatter_factor_calculations_for_half_quarter_and_off_isocenter_asymmetric_square_fields/24954636
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biomedical and clinical sciences
Clinical sciences
asymmetric square fields
equivalent fields
monitor unit verification
off-axis ratio
total scatter factor
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <h2>Objective</h2><p dir="ltr">Monitor unit (MU) verification for any symmetric or asymmetric field is performed using a total scatter factor (S<sub>cp</sub>), that is calculated based on the geometric equivalent square field (GESF) concept. In this study, we measured the S<sub>cp</sub> of various asymmetric square fields (ASF<sub>s</sub>) and their respective GESFs.</p><h2>Methods</h2><p dir="ltr">Square half‐fields (SHF<sub>s</sub>), square quarter‐fields (SQF<sub>s</sub>) and square off‐isocenter fields (SOF<sub>s</sub>), with sizes ranging from 3×3 cm<sup>2</sup> to 20×20 cm<sup>2</sup> were created, by varying the collimator jaws of two Varian iX Linacs (6/18 and 6/23 MV). A semi‐flex ion chamber was used to measure S<sub>cp</sub> at a depth of 10 cm within a water phantom, at the effective field center (EFC) of all ASF<sub>s</sub>, and at the isocenter (IC) of their respective GESFs. The later S<sub>cp</sub> values were corrected by the off‐axis ratio [OAR(r)] of the 40×40 cm<sup>2</sup> field size, where r is the distance between EFC and IC.</p><h2>Results</h2><p dir="ltr">The results show that the S<sub>cp</sub> (EFC) is independent of the type of the ASF (SHF, SQF, or SOF) and no significant difference exists between the 18 and 23 MV beams. Compared with the S<sub>cp</sub> (IC), the S<sub>cp</sub> (EFC) increased with increasing r, by up to 2% and 4% for 18/23 and 6 MV, respectively.</p><h2>Conclusions</h2><p dir="ltr">The GESF concept provides acceptable accuracy (< 2%) for the calculation of S<sub>cp</sub> of the ASFs used in most clinical situations (except from SOF with EFC at large r), and thus can be used in MU verification calculations.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.14103" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.14103</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv 10.1002/acm2.14103
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/24954636
publishDate 2023
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fieldsMohammad Samir Hmodi (17746776)Majeda Nahili (17746779)Ioannis A. Tsalafoutas (14776939)Bassam Saad (17746782)Ali Hasan (17746785)Ousamah Anjak (17746788)Karlos Shamout (17746791)Biomedical and clinical sciencesClinical sciencesasymmetric square fieldsequivalent fieldsmonitor unit verificationoff-axis ratiototal scatter factor<h2>Objective</h2><p dir="ltr">Monitor unit (MU) verification for any symmetric or asymmetric field is performed using a total scatter factor (S<sub>cp</sub>), that is calculated based on the geometric equivalent square field (GESF) concept. In this study, we measured the S<sub>cp</sub> of various asymmetric square fields (ASF<sub>s</sub>) and their respective GESFs.</p><h2>Methods</h2><p dir="ltr">Square half‐fields (SHF<sub>s</sub>), square quarter‐fields (SQF<sub>s</sub>) and square off‐isocenter fields (SOF<sub>s</sub>), with sizes ranging from 3×3 cm<sup>2</sup> to 20×20 cm<sup>2</sup> were created, by varying the collimator jaws of two Varian iX Linacs (6/18 and 6/23 MV). A semi‐flex ion chamber was used to measure S<sub>cp</sub> at a depth of 10 cm within a water phantom, at the effective field center (EFC) of all ASF<sub>s</sub>, and at the isocenter (IC) of their respective GESFs. The later S<sub>cp</sub> values were corrected by the off‐axis ratio [OAR(r)] of the 40×40 cm<sup>2</sup> field size, where r is the distance between EFC and IC.</p><h2>Results</h2><p dir="ltr">The results show that the S<sub>cp</sub> (EFC) is independent of the type of the ASF (SHF, SQF, or SOF) and no significant difference exists between the 18 and 23 MV beams. Compared with the S<sub>cp</sub> (IC), the S<sub>cp</sub> (EFC) increased with increasing r, by up to 2% and 4% for 18/23 and 6 MV, respectively.</p><h2>Conclusions</h2><p dir="ltr">The GESF concept provides acceptable accuracy (< 2%) for the calculation of S<sub>cp</sub> of the ASFs used in most clinical situations (except from SOF with EFC at large r), and thus can be used in MU verification calculations.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.14103" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.14103</a></p>2023-11-13T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1002/acm2.14103https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Validation_of_the_geometric_equivalent_field_concept_in_total_scatter_factor_calculations_for_half_quarter_and_off_isocenter_asymmetric_square_fields/24954636CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/249546362023-11-13T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
Mohammad Samir Hmodi (17746776)
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Clinical sciences
asymmetric square fields
equivalent fields
monitor unit verification
off-axis ratio
total scatter factor
status_str publishedVersion
title Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
title_full Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
title_fullStr Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
title_full_unstemmed Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
title_short Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
title_sort Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
topic Biomedical and clinical sciences
Clinical sciences
asymmetric square fields
equivalent fields
monitor unit verification
off-axis ratio
total scatter factor