The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Prior research has found that large-scale sporting events may potentially impose negative consequences on the environment, thus impeding the sustainability goals of the sport industry. Along these lines, the current study extends the litera...
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2023
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| _version_ | 1864513507677962240 |
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| author | Nicholas Watanabe (19450285) |
| author2 | Grace Yan (2390329) Christopher McLeod (5413853) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Nicholas Watanabe (19450285) Grace Yan (2390329) Christopher McLeod (5413853) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Nicholas Watanabe (19450285) Grace Yan (2390329) Christopher McLeod (5413853) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2023-03-22T09:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.3390/su15065568 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Impact_of_Sporting_Events_on_Air_Pollution_An_Empirical_Examination_of_National_Football_League_Games/26788201 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Environmental sciences Climate change impacts and adaptation Ecological applications Pollution and contamination air pollution sustainability sport attendance air quality index National Football League |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Prior research has found that large-scale sporting events may potentially impose negative consequences on the environment, thus impeding the sustainability goals of the sport industry. Along these lines, the current study extends the literature by examining the impact that National Football League (NFL) games have on local-area air pollution. (2) Methods: Air Quality Index (AQI) data measuring six major forms of air pollution were gathered from air monitors positioned close to NFL stadiums and matched with the number of attendees at games. From this, multiple regression analysis was utilized to estimate whether the number of fans was related to changes in air pollution. (3) Results: The regression models found that Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide levels increased as more individuals attended NFL games. Additional robustness checks and falsification tests suggest that the average NFL event results in an approximately two-percent increase in Ozone levels. (4) Conclusions: The findings from this study contribute to the literature by providing evidence that highly attended sporting events increase pollution levels in the areas near stadiums. Thus, governments and sport organizations should consider low-emission methods to get fans to travel to games in order to reduce their environmental impact.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Sustainability<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065568" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065568</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_802d55667eaa0941673524f5358b8767 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.3390/su15065568 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/26788201 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League GamesNicholas Watanabe (19450285)Grace Yan (2390329)Christopher McLeod (5413853)Environmental sciencesClimate change impacts and adaptationEcological applicationsPollution and contaminationair pollutionsustainabilitysportattendanceair quality indexNational Football League<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Prior research has found that large-scale sporting events may potentially impose negative consequences on the environment, thus impeding the sustainability goals of the sport industry. Along these lines, the current study extends the literature by examining the impact that National Football League (NFL) games have on local-area air pollution. (2) Methods: Air Quality Index (AQI) data measuring six major forms of air pollution were gathered from air monitors positioned close to NFL stadiums and matched with the number of attendees at games. From this, multiple regression analysis was utilized to estimate whether the number of fans was related to changes in air pollution. (3) Results: The regression models found that Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide levels increased as more individuals attended NFL games. Additional robustness checks and falsification tests suggest that the average NFL event results in an approximately two-percent increase in Ozone levels. (4) Conclusions: The findings from this study contribute to the literature by providing evidence that highly attended sporting events increase pollution levels in the areas near stadiums. Thus, governments and sport organizations should consider low-emission methods to get fans to travel to games in order to reduce their environmental impact.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Sustainability<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065568" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065568</a></p>2023-03-22T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3390/su15065568https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Impact_of_Sporting_Events_on_Air_Pollution_An_Empirical_Examination_of_National_Football_League_Games/26788201CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/267882012023-03-22T09:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games Nicholas Watanabe (19450285) Environmental sciences Climate change impacts and adaptation Ecological applications Pollution and contamination air pollution sustainability sport attendance air quality index National Football League |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games |
| title_full | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games |
| title_short | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games |
| title_sort | The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games |
| topic | Environmental sciences Climate change impacts and adaptation Ecological applications Pollution and contamination air pollution sustainability sport attendance air quality index National Football League |