The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games

<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Prior research has found that large-scale sporting events may potentially impose negative consequences on the environment, thus impeding the sustainability goals of the sport industry. Along these lines, the current study extends the litera...

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Main Author: Nicholas Watanabe (19450285) (author)
Other Authors: Grace Yan (2390329) (author), Christopher McLeod (5413853) (author)
Published: 2023
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author Nicholas Watanabe (19450285)
author2 Grace Yan (2390329)
Christopher McLeod (5413853)
author2_role author
author
author_facet Nicholas Watanabe (19450285)
Grace Yan (2390329)
Christopher McLeod (5413853)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Nicholas Watanabe (19450285)
Grace Yan (2390329)
Christopher McLeod (5413853)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-03-22T09:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/su15065568
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Impact_of_Sporting_Events_on_Air_Pollution_An_Empirical_Examination_of_National_Football_League_Games/26788201
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Ecological applications
Pollution and contamination
air pollution
sustainability
sport
attendance
air quality index
National Football League
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Prior research has found that large-scale sporting events may potentially impose negative consequences on the environment, thus impeding the sustainability goals of the sport industry. Along these lines, the current study extends the literature by examining the impact that National Football League (NFL) games have on local-area air pollution. (2) Methods: Air Quality Index (AQI) data measuring six major forms of air pollution were gathered from air monitors positioned close to NFL stadiums and matched with the number of attendees at games. From this, multiple regression analysis was utilized to estimate whether the number of fans was related to changes in air pollution. (3) Results: The regression models found that Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide levels increased as more individuals attended NFL games. Additional robustness checks and falsification tests suggest that the average NFL event results in an approximately two-percent increase in Ozone levels. (4) Conclusions: The findings from this study contribute to the literature by providing evidence that highly attended sporting events increase pollution levels in the areas near stadiums. Thus, governments and sport organizations should consider low-emission methods to get fans to travel to games in order to reduce their environmental impact.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Sustainability<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065568" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065568</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_802d55667eaa0941673524f5358b8767
identifier_str_mv 10.3390/su15065568
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/26788201
publishDate 2023
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League GamesNicholas Watanabe (19450285)Grace Yan (2390329)Christopher McLeod (5413853)Environmental sciencesClimate change impacts and adaptationEcological applicationsPollution and contaminationair pollutionsustainabilitysportattendanceair quality indexNational Football League<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Prior research has found that large-scale sporting events may potentially impose negative consequences on the environment, thus impeding the sustainability goals of the sport industry. Along these lines, the current study extends the literature by examining the impact that National Football League (NFL) games have on local-area air pollution. (2) Methods: Air Quality Index (AQI) data measuring six major forms of air pollution were gathered from air monitors positioned close to NFL stadiums and matched with the number of attendees at games. From this, multiple regression analysis was utilized to estimate whether the number of fans was related to changes in air pollution. (3) Results: The regression models found that Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide levels increased as more individuals attended NFL games. Additional robustness checks and falsification tests suggest that the average NFL event results in an approximately two-percent increase in Ozone levels. (4) Conclusions: The findings from this study contribute to the literature by providing evidence that highly attended sporting events increase pollution levels in the areas near stadiums. Thus, governments and sport organizations should consider low-emission methods to get fans to travel to games in order to reduce their environmental impact.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Sustainability<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065568" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065568</a></p>2023-03-22T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3390/su15065568https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Impact_of_Sporting_Events_on_Air_Pollution_An_Empirical_Examination_of_National_Football_League_Games/26788201CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/267882012023-03-22T09:00:00Z
spellingShingle The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
Nicholas Watanabe (19450285)
Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Ecological applications
Pollution and contamination
air pollution
sustainability
sport
attendance
air quality index
National Football League
status_str publishedVersion
title The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
title_full The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
title_fullStr The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
title_short The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
title_sort The Impact of Sporting Events on Air Pollution: An Empirical Examination of National Football League Games
topic Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Ecological applications
Pollution and contamination
air pollution
sustainability
sport
attendance
air quality index
National Football League