The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
<div><p>Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly affects the lungs. COVID-19 symptoms include the presence of fevers, dry coughs, fatigue, sore throat, headaches, diarrhea, and a lo...
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2021
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| _version_ | 1864513515322081280 |
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| author | Noothan Satheesh (18595729) |
| author2 | Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363) Sara Abdulla (8548053) |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Noothan Satheesh (18595729) Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363) Sara Abdulla (8548053) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Noothan Satheesh (18595729) Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363) Sara Abdulla (8548053) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2021-10-17T03:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.3390/v13102091 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Potential_Role_of_COVID-19_in_the_Pathogenesis_of_Multiple_Sclerosis_A_Preliminary_Report/25878016 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biological sciences Microbiology Biomedical and clinical sciences Neurosciences coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 neuroinflammation multiple sclerosis |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <div><p>Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly affects the lungs. COVID-19 symptoms include the presence of fevers, dry coughs, fatigue, sore throat, headaches, diarrhea, and a loss of taste or smell. However, it is understood that SARS-CoV-2 is neurotoxic and neuro-invasive and could enter the central nervous system (CNS) via the hematogenous route or via the peripheral nerve route and causes encephalitis, encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the possibility of SARS-CoV-2-mediated Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development in the future, comparable to the surge in Parkinson’s disease cases following the Spanish Flu in 1918. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a cytokine storm. This review highlights the impact of these modulated cytokines on glial cell interactions within the CNS and their role in potentially prompting MS development as a secondary disease by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and could interfere with various functions of neurons leading to MS development. The influence of neuroinflammation, microglia phagocytotic capabilities, as well as hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, are mechanisms that may ultimately trigger MS development.</p><p> </p></div><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Viruses<br> License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102091" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102091</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_853005fa2eaff9a3444bd6606cbea21e |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.3390/v13102091 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/25878016 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary ReportNoothan Satheesh (18595729)Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363)Sara Abdulla (8548053)Biological sciencesMicrobiologyBiomedical and clinical sciencesNeurosciencescoronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2neuroinflammationmultiple sclerosis<div><p>Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly affects the lungs. COVID-19 symptoms include the presence of fevers, dry coughs, fatigue, sore throat, headaches, diarrhea, and a loss of taste or smell. However, it is understood that SARS-CoV-2 is neurotoxic and neuro-invasive and could enter the central nervous system (CNS) via the hematogenous route or via the peripheral nerve route and causes encephalitis, encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the possibility of SARS-CoV-2-mediated Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development in the future, comparable to the surge in Parkinson’s disease cases following the Spanish Flu in 1918. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a cytokine storm. This review highlights the impact of these modulated cytokines on glial cell interactions within the CNS and their role in potentially prompting MS development as a secondary disease by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and could interfere with various functions of neurons leading to MS development. The influence of neuroinflammation, microglia phagocytotic capabilities, as well as hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, are mechanisms that may ultimately trigger MS development.</p><p> </p></div><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Viruses<br> License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102091" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102091</a></p>2021-10-17T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3390/v13102091https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Potential_Role_of_COVID-19_in_the_Pathogenesis_of_Multiple_Sclerosis_A_Preliminary_Report/25878016CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/258780162021-10-17T03:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report Noothan Satheesh (18595729) Biological sciences Microbiology Biomedical and clinical sciences Neurosciences coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 neuroinflammation multiple sclerosis |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report |
| title_full | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report |
| title_fullStr | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report |
| title_short | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report |
| title_sort | The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report |
| topic | Biological sciences Microbiology Biomedical and clinical sciences Neurosciences coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 neuroinflammation multiple sclerosis |