The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report

<div><p>Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly affects the lungs. COVID-19 symptoms include the presence of fevers, dry coughs, fatigue, sore throat, headaches, diarrhea, and a lo...

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Main Author: Noothan Satheesh (18595729) (author)
Other Authors: Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363) (author), Sara Abdulla (8548053) (author)
Published: 2021
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author Noothan Satheesh (18595729)
author2 Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363)
Sara Abdulla (8548053)
author2_role author
author
author_facet Noothan Satheesh (18595729)
Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363)
Sara Abdulla (8548053)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Noothan Satheesh (18595729)
Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363)
Sara Abdulla (8548053)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-10-17T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/v13102091
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Potential_Role_of_COVID-19_in_the_Pathogenesis_of_Multiple_Sclerosis_A_Preliminary_Report/25878016
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biological sciences
Microbiology
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Neurosciences
coronavirus
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
neuroinflammation
multiple sclerosis
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <div><p>Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly affects the lungs. COVID-19 symptoms include the presence of fevers, dry coughs, fatigue, sore throat, headaches, diarrhea, and a loss of taste or smell. However, it is understood that SARS-CoV-2 is neurotoxic and neuro-invasive and could enter the central nervous system (CNS) via the hematogenous route or via the peripheral nerve route and causes encephalitis, encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the possibility of SARS-CoV-2-mediated Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development in the future, comparable to the surge in Parkinson’s disease cases following the Spanish Flu in 1918. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a cytokine storm. This review highlights the impact of these modulated cytokines on glial cell interactions within the CNS and their role in potentially prompting MS development as a secondary disease by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and could interfere with various functions of neurons leading to MS development. The influence of neuroinflammation, microglia phagocytotic capabilities, as well as hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, are mechanisms that may ultimately trigger MS development.</p><p> </p></div><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Viruses<br> License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102091" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102091</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_853005fa2eaff9a3444bd6606cbea21e
identifier_str_mv 10.3390/v13102091
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/25878016
publishDate 2021
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary ReportNoothan Satheesh (18595729)Salam Salloum-Asfar (656363)Sara Abdulla (8548053)Biological sciencesMicrobiologyBiomedical and clinical sciencesNeurosciencescoronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2neuroinflammationmultiple sclerosis<div><p>Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly affects the lungs. COVID-19 symptoms include the presence of fevers, dry coughs, fatigue, sore throat, headaches, diarrhea, and a loss of taste or smell. However, it is understood that SARS-CoV-2 is neurotoxic and neuro-invasive and could enter the central nervous system (CNS) via the hematogenous route or via the peripheral nerve route and causes encephalitis, encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the possibility of SARS-CoV-2-mediated Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development in the future, comparable to the surge in Parkinson’s disease cases following the Spanish Flu in 1918. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a cytokine storm. This review highlights the impact of these modulated cytokines on glial cell interactions within the CNS and their role in potentially prompting MS development as a secondary disease by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and could interfere with various functions of neurons leading to MS development. The influence of neuroinflammation, microglia phagocytotic capabilities, as well as hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, are mechanisms that may ultimately trigger MS development.</p><p> </p></div><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Viruses<br> License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102091" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102091</a></p>2021-10-17T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3390/v13102091https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Potential_Role_of_COVID-19_in_the_Pathogenesis_of_Multiple_Sclerosis_A_Preliminary_Report/25878016CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/258780162021-10-17T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
Noothan Satheesh (18595729)
Biological sciences
Microbiology
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Neurosciences
coronavirus
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
neuroinflammation
multiple sclerosis
status_str publishedVersion
title The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
title_full The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
title_fullStr The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
title_full_unstemmed The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
title_short The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
title_sort The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report
topic Biological sciences
Microbiology
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Neurosciences
coronavirus
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
neuroinflammation
multiple sclerosis