Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease

<p dir="ltr">Mutations in the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 are the major concern as they might lead to drug/vaccine resistance. In the host cell, the virus largely depends on the main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) to regulate infection hence it is one of the most attractive t...

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Main Author: Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy (391608) (author)
Other Authors: Khalid Fakhro (3441305) (author)
Published: 2021
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author Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy (391608)
author2 Khalid Fakhro (3441305)
author2_role author
author_facet Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy (391608)
Khalid Fakhro (3441305)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy (391608)
Khalid Fakhro (3441305)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-03-22T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1002/iub.2465
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Identification_of_mutation_resistance_coldspots_for_targeting_the_SARS_CoV2_main_protease/25771572
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biological sciences
Microbiology
dimer interface
mutation hotspot
mutation-based drug resistance
structure–functionrelationship
surface coldspots
X-ray structure
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Mutations in the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 are the major concern as they might lead to drug/vaccine resistance. In the host cell, the virus largely depends on the main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) to regulate infection hence it is one of the most attractive targets for inhibitor design. However, >19,000 mutations in the M<sup>pro</sup> have already been reported. The mutations encompassing 282 amino acid positions and these “hotspots” might change the M<sup>pro</sup> structure, activity and potentially delay therapeutic strategies targeting M<sup>pro</sup>. Thus, here we identified 24 mutational “coldspots” where mutations have not been observed. We compared the structure–function relationship of these coldspots with several SARS-CoV2 M<sup>pro</sup> X-ray crystal structures. We found that three coldspot residues (Leu141, Phe185, and Gln192) help to form the active site, while seven (Gly2, Arg4, Tyr126, Lys137, Leu141, Leu286, and Leu287) contribute to dimer formation that is required for M<sup>pro</sup> activity. The surface of the dimer interface is more resistant to mutations compared to the active site. Interestingly, most of the coldspots are found in three clusters and forms conserved patterns when compared with other coronaviruses. Importantly, several conserved coldspots are available on the surface of the active site and at the dimer interface for targeting. The identification and short list of these coldspots offers a new perspective to target the SARS-CoV2 M<sup>pro</sup> while avoiding mutation-based drug resistance.</p><p dir="ltr"><br></p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IUBMB Life<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.2465" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.2465</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_8ad1e9d451c67e20c0894da5edcbf604
identifier_str_mv 10.1002/iub.2465
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/25771572
publishDate 2021
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main proteaseNavaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy (391608)Khalid Fakhro (3441305)Biological sciencesMicrobiologydimer interfacemutation hotspotmutation-based drug resistancestructure–functionrelationshipsurface coldspotsX-ray structure<p dir="ltr">Mutations in the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 are the major concern as they might lead to drug/vaccine resistance. In the host cell, the virus largely depends on the main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) to regulate infection hence it is one of the most attractive targets for inhibitor design. However, >19,000 mutations in the M<sup>pro</sup> have already been reported. The mutations encompassing 282 amino acid positions and these “hotspots” might change the M<sup>pro</sup> structure, activity and potentially delay therapeutic strategies targeting M<sup>pro</sup>. Thus, here we identified 24 mutational “coldspots” where mutations have not been observed. We compared the structure–function relationship of these coldspots with several SARS-CoV2 M<sup>pro</sup> X-ray crystal structures. We found that three coldspot residues (Leu141, Phe185, and Gln192) help to form the active site, while seven (Gly2, Arg4, Tyr126, Lys137, Leu141, Leu286, and Leu287) contribute to dimer formation that is required for M<sup>pro</sup> activity. The surface of the dimer interface is more resistant to mutations compared to the active site. Interestingly, most of the coldspots are found in three clusters and forms conserved patterns when compared with other coronaviruses. Importantly, several conserved coldspots are available on the surface of the active site and at the dimer interface for targeting. The identification and short list of these coldspots offers a new perspective to target the SARS-CoV2 M<sup>pro</sup> while avoiding mutation-based drug resistance.</p><p dir="ltr"><br></p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IUBMB Life<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.2465" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.2465</a></p>2021-03-22T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1002/iub.2465https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Identification_of_mutation_resistance_coldspots_for_targeting_the_SARS_CoV2_main_protease/25771572CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/257715722021-03-22T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy (391608)
Biological sciences
Microbiology
dimer interface
mutation hotspot
mutation-based drug resistance
structure–functionrelationship
surface coldspots
X-ray structure
status_str publishedVersion
title Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
title_full Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
title_fullStr Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
title_full_unstemmed Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
title_short Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
title_sort Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS‐CoV2 main protease
topic Biological sciences
Microbiology
dimer interface
mutation hotspot
mutation-based drug resistance
structure–functionrelationship
surface coldspots
X-ray structure