Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022

<p dir="ltr">Using a 12-months-long constructed week sampling strategy, this study relied on a dataset of 456 media articles about the 2022 FIFA World Cup to take an initial step toward operationalizing the concept of sports diplomacy. A preliminary measurement approach was derived f...

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المؤلف الرئيسي: Claudia Kozman (15448586) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: George Anghelcev (17916941) (author)
منشور في: 2025
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author Claudia Kozman (15448586)
author2 George Anghelcev (17916941)
author2_role author
author_facet Claudia Kozman (15448586)
George Anghelcev (17916941)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Claudia Kozman (15448586)
George Anghelcev (17916941)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-28T09:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1177/21674795251403969
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Toward_a_Measurement_Tool_for_Sports_Diplomacy_in_the_News_The_Case_of_the_FIFA_World_Cup_Qatar_2022/32075250
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Health sciences
Sports science and exercise
Human society
Political science
Sociology
Language, communication and culture
Communication and media studies
sports diplomacy
FIFA world cup
measurement
sources
content analysis
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Using a 12-months-long constructed week sampling strategy, this study relied on a dataset of 456 media articles about the 2022 FIFA World Cup to take an initial step toward operationalizing the concept of sports diplomacy. A preliminary measurement approach was derived from the literature and examined through a content analysis of articles published during the year leading up to the event. Subsequently, the fit of this initial instrument as an empirical measure of sports diplomacy was assessed, and modifications were proposed. In tandem, the study examined sourcing patterns in media articles, focusing on the relationship between sources and sports diplomacy. Findings reveal that mentions of sports diplomacy indicators were scarce and that the construct, as theorized in literature, faced scale reliability issues. Reliability measures improved modestly when we reconceptualized the construct. Importantly, in the rare instances sports diplomacy was used to describe the 2022 World Cup, it was FIFA that advanced this notion, relying primarily on political sources. Sports officials dominated as a source category ahead of businesspeople and political officials. Based on these limited findings, the paper offers a cautious analysis of the construct, drawing on interpretivism to explain the results while inviting further refinement of future measurement efforts.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Communication & Sport<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21674795251403969" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21674795251403969</a></p>
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network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/32075250
publishDate 2025
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spelling Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022Claudia Kozman (15448586)George Anghelcev (17916941)Health sciencesSports science and exerciseHuman societyPolitical scienceSociologyLanguage, communication and cultureCommunication and media studiessports diplomacyFIFA world cupmeasurementsourcescontent analysis<p dir="ltr">Using a 12-months-long constructed week sampling strategy, this study relied on a dataset of 456 media articles about the 2022 FIFA World Cup to take an initial step toward operationalizing the concept of sports diplomacy. A preliminary measurement approach was derived from the literature and examined through a content analysis of articles published during the year leading up to the event. Subsequently, the fit of this initial instrument as an empirical measure of sports diplomacy was assessed, and modifications were proposed. In tandem, the study examined sourcing patterns in media articles, focusing on the relationship between sources and sports diplomacy. Findings reveal that mentions of sports diplomacy indicators were scarce and that the construct, as theorized in literature, faced scale reliability issues. Reliability measures improved modestly when we reconceptualized the construct. Importantly, in the rare instances sports diplomacy was used to describe the 2022 World Cup, it was FIFA that advanced this notion, relying primarily on political sources. Sports officials dominated as a source category ahead of businesspeople and political officials. Based on these limited findings, the paper offers a cautious analysis of the construct, drawing on interpretivism to explain the results while inviting further refinement of future measurement efforts.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Communication & Sport<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21674795251403969" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21674795251403969</a></p>2025-11-28T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1177/21674795251403969https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Toward_a_Measurement_Tool_for_Sports_Diplomacy_in_the_News_The_Case_of_the_FIFA_World_Cup_Qatar_2022/32075250CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/320752502025-11-28T09:00:00Z
spellingShingle Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
Claudia Kozman (15448586)
Health sciences
Sports science and exercise
Human society
Political science
Sociology
Language, communication and culture
Communication and media studies
sports diplomacy
FIFA world cup
measurement
sources
content analysis
status_str publishedVersion
title Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
title_full Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
title_fullStr Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
title_full_unstemmed Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
title_short Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
title_sort Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022
topic Health sciences
Sports science and exercise
Human society
Political science
Sociology
Language, communication and culture
Communication and media studies
sports diplomacy
FIFA world cup
measurement
sources
content analysis