Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization

<p>The shift towards energy transition and decarbonization has raised interest in retrofitting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs) for ammonia and hydrogen storage. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to assess tank materials...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Dindha Andriani (16444530) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Omer Abedrabboh (17346847) (author), Yusuf Bicer (14158977) (author)
منشور في: 2025
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author Dindha Andriani (16444530)
author2 Omer Abedrabboh (17346847)
Yusuf Bicer (14158977)
author2_role author
author
author_facet Dindha Andriani (16444530)
Omer Abedrabboh (17346847)
Yusuf Bicer (14158977)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Dindha Andriani (16444530)
Omer Abedrabboh (17346847)
Yusuf Bicer (14158977)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-04-25T09:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.162
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Retrofit_of_floating_storage_and_regasification_units_for_ammonia_and_hydrogen_Material_selection_thermal_analysis_and_boil-off_gas_utilization/28881077
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Electrical engineering
Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering
Computational fluid dynamic modeling
Heat transfer analysis
Insulation materials
Maritime sustainability
Storage design adaptation
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p>The shift towards energy transition and decarbonization has raised interest in retrofitting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs) for ammonia and hydrogen storage. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to assess tank materials, insulation, heat ingress, and Boil-Off Gas (BOG) generation. The findings show that a stainless-steel ammonia tank results in a 0.02 % BOG rate by Day 5. For hydrogen, the BOG reduces from 1.66 % using Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPF) to 0.4 % using 20 Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) layers and a Vacuum Cooled Shield (VCS). It is estimated that 50 MLI layers are required to achieve a BOG rate below 0.01 %. Repurposing BOG through fuel cells generates 30.6 MWh from ammonia and 11.8 MWh from hydrogen. Considering tanks account for a major expense, the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) was calculated to assess the financial impact of material selection and insulation for these tanks, showing that hydrogen storage tanks with 40 and 50 MLI layers acheived the highest BCRs of 1.152 and 1.161, repectively. Hence, this study comprehensively analyzes adapting ammonia and hydrogen to existing LNG infrastructure.</p><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy<br> License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.162" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.162</a></p>
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identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.162
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/28881077
publishDate 2025
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spelling Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilizationDindha Andriani (16444530)Omer Abedrabboh (17346847)Yusuf Bicer (14158977)EngineeringElectrical engineeringFluid mechanics and thermal engineeringComputational fluid dynamic modelingHeat transfer analysisInsulation materialsMaritime sustainabilityStorage design adaptation<p>The shift towards energy transition and decarbonization has raised interest in retrofitting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs) for ammonia and hydrogen storage. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to assess tank materials, insulation, heat ingress, and Boil-Off Gas (BOG) generation. The findings show that a stainless-steel ammonia tank results in a 0.02 % BOG rate by Day 5. For hydrogen, the BOG reduces from 1.66 % using Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPF) to 0.4 % using 20 Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) layers and a Vacuum Cooled Shield (VCS). It is estimated that 50 MLI layers are required to achieve a BOG rate below 0.01 %. Repurposing BOG through fuel cells generates 30.6 MWh from ammonia and 11.8 MWh from hydrogen. Considering tanks account for a major expense, the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) was calculated to assess the financial impact of material selection and insulation for these tanks, showing that hydrogen storage tanks with 40 and 50 MLI layers acheived the highest BCRs of 1.152 and 1.161, repectively. Hence, this study comprehensively analyzes adapting ammonia and hydrogen to existing LNG infrastructure.</p><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy<br> License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.162" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.162</a></p>2025-04-25T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.162https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Retrofit_of_floating_storage_and_regasification_units_for_ammonia_and_hydrogen_Material_selection_thermal_analysis_and_boil-off_gas_utilization/28881077CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/288810772025-04-25T09:00:00Z
spellingShingle Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization
Dindha Andriani (16444530)
Engineering
Electrical engineering
Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering
Computational fluid dynamic modeling
Heat transfer analysis
Insulation materials
Maritime sustainability
Storage design adaptation
status_str publishedVersion
title Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization
title_full Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization
title_fullStr Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization
title_full_unstemmed Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization
title_short Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization
title_sort Retrofit of floating storage and regasification units for ammonia and hydrogen: Material selection, thermal analysis, and boil-off gas utilization
topic Engineering
Electrical engineering
Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering
Computational fluid dynamic modeling
Heat transfer analysis
Insulation materials
Maritime sustainability
Storage design adaptation