Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate

<p dir="ltr">Water scarcity in hyper-arid regions like the Middle East demands sustainable solutions to reduce reliance on energy-intensive desalinated water. Greywater presents a viable alternative for non-potable uses such as irrigation and toilet flushing. This work investigates t...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Jasir Jawad (17191468) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Rajesh Govindan (15468857) (author), Salam Akinkunmi Alli (21547055) (author), Shaheeda Marakkar Anangadan (19239607) (author), Khaled Mahmoud (699380) (author), Mohammad Wasim Aktar (22803959) (author), Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564) (author), Jenny Lawler (16931817) (author), Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268) (author), Gordon McKay (1755814) (author), Hamish R. Mackey (10159514) (author), Jayaprakash Saththasivam (14151669) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
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author Jasir Jawad (17191468)
author2 Rajesh Govindan (15468857)
Salam Akinkunmi Alli (21547055)
Shaheeda Marakkar Anangadan (19239607)
Khaled Mahmoud (699380)
Mohammad Wasim Aktar (22803959)
Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564)
Jenny Lawler (16931817)
Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268)
Gordon McKay (1755814)
Hamish R. Mackey (10159514)
Jayaprakash Saththasivam (14151669)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Jasir Jawad (17191468)
Rajesh Govindan (15468857)
Salam Akinkunmi Alli (21547055)
Shaheeda Marakkar Anangadan (19239607)
Khaled Mahmoud (699380)
Mohammad Wasim Aktar (22803959)
Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564)
Jenny Lawler (16931817)
Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268)
Gordon McKay (1755814)
Hamish R. Mackey (10159514)
Jayaprakash Saththasivam (14151669)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Jasir Jawad (17191468)
Rajesh Govindan (15468857)
Salam Akinkunmi Alli (21547055)
Shaheeda Marakkar Anangadan (19239607)
Khaled Mahmoud (699380)
Mohammad Wasim Aktar (22803959)
Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564)
Jenny Lawler (16931817)
Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268)
Gordon McKay (1755814)
Hamish R. Mackey (10159514)
Jayaprakash Saththasivam (14151669)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-10-18T15:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.jece.2025.119792
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Performance_evaluation_of_various_growing_media_in_vertical_green_wall_for_greywater_treatment_in_hyper-arid_climate/30819842
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Living walls
Wastewater
Growing media
Nature-based solutions
Phytoremediation
Vegetation index
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Water scarcity in hyper-arid regions like the Middle East demands sustainable solutions to reduce reliance on energy-intensive desalinated water. Greywater presents a viable alternative for non-potable uses such as irrigation and toilet flushing. This work investigates the effectiveness of an outdoor vertical green wall system for treating greywater using three media combinations: (i) conventional soil and peat moss mix, (ii) coco coir-based mix, and (iii) charcoal-based mix. Through a specifically designed case study, the system was tested in Qatar’s hyper-arid climate using untreated greywater from sinks, showers, and laundry at a student hostel. Key parameters analyzed include the physical properties of the media, effluent water quality (pH, conductivity, turbidity, organic content, nitrogen, and nutrients), and plant health, assessed through chlorophyll content and the normalized difference vegetation index (<i>NDVI</i>) using hyperspectral imaging. Soil and coco coir-based media effectively reduced conductivity and potassium levels up to 40 % and 92 %, respectively, but caused organic matter leaching, increasing organic content in the effluent. In contrast, the charcoal-based media achieved the highest removal efficiency for turbidity (97 %) and ammonium (90 %), improving the effluent water quality while maintaining organic levels similar to the feed. The contaminants such as caffeine (99 %) and diethyltoluamide (DEET) (81.2 %) were more effectively removed by charcoal, while soil and coco coir-based media showed better performance for Acetaminophen (up to 99 %). These variations suggested that a blended media approach could optimize contaminant removal. Addressing economic and operational challenges is equally important to enhance performance and ensure cost-effectiveness and operational reliability in greywater treatment.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.119792" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.119792</a></p>
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identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.jece.2025.119792
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30819842
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spelling Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climateJasir Jawad (17191468)Rajesh Govindan (15468857)Salam Akinkunmi Alli (21547055)Shaheeda Marakkar Anangadan (19239607)Khaled Mahmoud (699380)Mohammad Wasim Aktar (22803959)Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564)Jenny Lawler (16931817)Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268)Gordon McKay (1755814)Hamish R. Mackey (10159514)Jayaprakash Saththasivam (14151669)EngineeringEnvironmental engineeringEnvironmental sciencesEnvironmental biotechnologyLiving wallsWastewaterGrowing mediaNature-based solutionsPhytoremediationVegetation index<p dir="ltr">Water scarcity in hyper-arid regions like the Middle East demands sustainable solutions to reduce reliance on energy-intensive desalinated water. Greywater presents a viable alternative for non-potable uses such as irrigation and toilet flushing. This work investigates the effectiveness of an outdoor vertical green wall system for treating greywater using three media combinations: (i) conventional soil and peat moss mix, (ii) coco coir-based mix, and (iii) charcoal-based mix. Through a specifically designed case study, the system was tested in Qatar’s hyper-arid climate using untreated greywater from sinks, showers, and laundry at a student hostel. Key parameters analyzed include the physical properties of the media, effluent water quality (pH, conductivity, turbidity, organic content, nitrogen, and nutrients), and plant health, assessed through chlorophyll content and the normalized difference vegetation index (<i>NDVI</i>) using hyperspectral imaging. Soil and coco coir-based media effectively reduced conductivity and potassium levels up to 40 % and 92 %, respectively, but caused organic matter leaching, increasing organic content in the effluent. In contrast, the charcoal-based media achieved the highest removal efficiency for turbidity (97 %) and ammonium (90 %), improving the effluent water quality while maintaining organic levels similar to the feed. The contaminants such as caffeine (99 %) and diethyltoluamide (DEET) (81.2 %) were more effectively removed by charcoal, while soil and coco coir-based media showed better performance for Acetaminophen (up to 99 %). These variations suggested that a blended media approach could optimize contaminant removal. Addressing economic and operational challenges is equally important to enhance performance and ensure cost-effectiveness and operational reliability in greywater treatment.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.119792" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.119792</a></p>2025-10-18T15:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.jece.2025.119792https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Performance_evaluation_of_various_growing_media_in_vertical_green_wall_for_greywater_treatment_in_hyper-arid_climate/30819842CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/308198422025-10-18T15:00:00Z
spellingShingle Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate
Jasir Jawad (17191468)
Engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Living walls
Wastewater
Growing media
Nature-based solutions
Phytoremediation
Vegetation index
status_str publishedVersion
title Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate
title_full Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate
title_fullStr Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate
title_full_unstemmed Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate
title_short Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate
title_sort Performance evaluation of various growing media in vertical green wall for greywater treatment in hyper-arid climate
topic Engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental biotechnology
Living walls
Wastewater
Growing media
Nature-based solutions
Phytoremediation
Vegetation index