Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality

<p>Globally, over two million people have perished due to the recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The available epidemiological global data for SARS-CoV-2 portrays a higher rate of severity and mortality in males. Analyzing gender differences in the host mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 inf...

وصف كامل

محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Zena Wehbe (16328843) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Safaa Hisham Hammoud (16328845) (author), Hadi M. Yassine (4675846) (author), Manal Fardoun (16328847) (author), Ahmed F. El-Yazbi (16328849) (author), Ali H. Eid (5461829) (author)
منشور في: 2021
الموضوعات:
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author Zena Wehbe (16328843)
author2 Safaa Hisham Hammoud (16328845)
Hadi M. Yassine (4675846)
Manal Fardoun (16328847)
Ahmed F. El-Yazbi (16328849)
Ali H. Eid (5461829)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Zena Wehbe (16328843)
Safaa Hisham Hammoud (16328845)
Hadi M. Yassine (4675846)
Manal Fardoun (16328847)
Ahmed F. El-Yazbi (16328849)
Ali H. Eid (5461829)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Zena Wehbe (16328843)
Safaa Hisham Hammoud (16328845)
Hadi M. Yassine (4675846)
Manal Fardoun (16328847)
Ahmed F. El-Yazbi (16328849)
Ali H. Eid (5461829)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-05-07T06:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659339
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Molecular_and_Biological_Mechanisms_Underlying_Gender_Differences_in_COVID-19_Severity_and_Mortality/23514372
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biomedical and clinical sciences
Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Clinical sciences
Immunology
Health sciences
Epidemiology
Human society
Demography
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
vaccine
ACE-2
gender difference
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p>Globally, over two million people have perished due to the recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The available epidemiological global data for SARS-CoV-2 portrays a higher rate of severity and mortality in males. Analyzing gender differences in the host mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and progression may offer insight into the more detrimental disease prognosis and clinical outcome in males. Therefore, we outline sexual dimorphisms which exist in particular host factors and elaborate on how they may contribute to the pronounced severity in male COVID-19 patients. This includes disparities detected in comorbidities, the ACE2 receptor, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), signaling molecules involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication, proteases which prime viral S protein, the immune response, and behavioral considerations. Moreover, we discuss sexual disparities associated with other viruses and a possible gender-dependent response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. By specifically highlighting these immune-endocrine processes as well as behavioral factors that differentially exist between the genders, we aim to offer a better understanding in the variations of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. </p> <h2>Other Information</h2> <p>Published in: Frontiers in Immunology<br> License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br> See article on publisher's website: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.659339" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.659339 </a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659339
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/23514372
publishDate 2021
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spelling Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and MortalityZena Wehbe (16328843)Safaa Hisham Hammoud (16328845)Hadi M. Yassine (4675846)Manal Fardoun (16328847)Ahmed F. El-Yazbi (16328849)Ali H. Eid (5461829)Biomedical and clinical sciencesCardiovascular medicine and haematologyClinical sciencesImmunologyHealth sciencesEpidemiologyHuman societyDemographyCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2vaccineACE-2gender difference<p>Globally, over two million people have perished due to the recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The available epidemiological global data for SARS-CoV-2 portrays a higher rate of severity and mortality in males. Analyzing gender differences in the host mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and progression may offer insight into the more detrimental disease prognosis and clinical outcome in males. Therefore, we outline sexual dimorphisms which exist in particular host factors and elaborate on how they may contribute to the pronounced severity in male COVID-19 patients. This includes disparities detected in comorbidities, the ACE2 receptor, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), signaling molecules involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication, proteases which prime viral S protein, the immune response, and behavioral considerations. Moreover, we discuss sexual disparities associated with other viruses and a possible gender-dependent response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. By specifically highlighting these immune-endocrine processes as well as behavioral factors that differentially exist between the genders, we aim to offer a better understanding in the variations of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. </p> <h2>Other Information</h2> <p>Published in: Frontiers in Immunology<br> License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br> See article on publisher's website: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.659339" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.659339 </a></p>2021-05-07T06:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3389/fimmu.2021.659339https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Molecular_and_Biological_Mechanisms_Underlying_Gender_Differences_in_COVID-19_Severity_and_Mortality/23514372CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/235143722021-05-07T06:00:00Z
spellingShingle Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
Zena Wehbe (16328843)
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Clinical sciences
Immunology
Health sciences
Epidemiology
Human society
Demography
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
vaccine
ACE-2
gender difference
status_str publishedVersion
title Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
title_full Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
title_fullStr Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
title_full_unstemmed Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
title_short Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
title_sort Molecular and Biological Mechanisms Underlying Gender Differences in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
topic Biomedical and clinical sciences
Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Clinical sciences
Immunology
Health sciences
Epidemiology
Human society
Demography
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
vaccine
ACE-2
gender difference