A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition

<p dir="ltr">Facial emotion recognition (FER) has been applied to various sectors, including e-learning, marketing, humanoid robot design, HMI/HCI applications, and medicine. The rapid development of intelligent technologies has led researchers to strive to improve facial emotion rec...

وصف كامل

محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Hanif Heidari (22467148) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: M. Murugappan (18842221) (author), Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed (10260142) (author), Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury (14150526) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
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author Hanif Heidari (22467148)
author2 M. Murugappan (18842221)
Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed (10260142)
Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury (14150526)
author2_role author
author
author
author_facet Hanif Heidari (22467148)
M. Murugappan (18842221)
Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed (10260142)
Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury (14150526)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Hanif Heidari (22467148)
M. Murugappan (18842221)
Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed (10260142)
Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury (14150526)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-05T06:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1109/access.2025.3560362
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Novel_Partitioned_Random_Forest_Method-Based_Facial_Emotion_Recognition/30405889
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Partitioned random forest
random forest
machine learning
facial emotion recognition
classification
emotions
Support vector machines
Classification algorithms
Real-time systems
Feature extraction
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Facial emotion recognition (FER) has been applied to various sectors, including e-learning, marketing, humanoid robot design, HMI/HCI applications, and medicine. The rapid development of intelligent technologies has led researchers to strive to improve facial emotion recognition techniques. A range of machine learning (ML) methods can be used to recognize facial expressions based on data from small to large datasets. Random Forest (RF) is simpler and more efficient than other ML algorithms. Some modified versions of RF have been developed to improve classification accuracy in the literature. Most improved RF versions modify attribute selection processes or combine them with other machine learning algorithms, increasing their complexity. Identifying an appropriate training dataset and determining its size remain open questions. The partitioned random forests (PRFs) approach is proposed as a modified strategy for improving FER. The proposed method divides multiple regions (different data lengths) into the feature space, allowing the algorithm to learn more complex decision boundaries. Using three statistical measures Lyapunov exponents (LE), Correlation Dimension (CD), and approximate entropy (AE), we evaluated the performance of machine learning algorithms over different data lengths. A crucial role for classification accuracy is played by the Lyapunov exponent or LE and the size of the dataset. A PRF is more effective on smaller datasets and with higher LE values. The proposed method for partitioning the datasets has been successfully tested on the FER dataset to classify six basic emotions (sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, and happiness). Based on our numerical results, PRF performed better than traditional RF and other ML methods for FER, providing 98.37% mean absolute accuracy. Thus, a robust and useful method for improving classification rates is proposed for both small and large datasets.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3560362" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3560362</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_ae8739307593926a5e8128808a870e8d
identifier_str_mv 10.1109/access.2025.3560362
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30405889
publishDate 2025
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spelling A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion RecognitionHanif Heidari (22467148)M. Murugappan (18842221)Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed (10260142)Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury (14150526)Information and computing sciencesArtificial intelligenceMachine learningPartitioned random forestrandom forestmachine learningfacial emotion recognitionclassificationemotionsSupport vector machinesClassification algorithmsReal-time systemsFeature extraction<p dir="ltr">Facial emotion recognition (FER) has been applied to various sectors, including e-learning, marketing, humanoid robot design, HMI/HCI applications, and medicine. The rapid development of intelligent technologies has led researchers to strive to improve facial emotion recognition techniques. A range of machine learning (ML) methods can be used to recognize facial expressions based on data from small to large datasets. Random Forest (RF) is simpler and more efficient than other ML algorithms. Some modified versions of RF have been developed to improve classification accuracy in the literature. Most improved RF versions modify attribute selection processes or combine them with other machine learning algorithms, increasing their complexity. Identifying an appropriate training dataset and determining its size remain open questions. The partitioned random forests (PRFs) approach is proposed as a modified strategy for improving FER. The proposed method divides multiple regions (different data lengths) into the feature space, allowing the algorithm to learn more complex decision boundaries. Using three statistical measures Lyapunov exponents (LE), Correlation Dimension (CD), and approximate entropy (AE), we evaluated the performance of machine learning algorithms over different data lengths. A crucial role for classification accuracy is played by the Lyapunov exponent or LE and the size of the dataset. A PRF is more effective on smaller datasets and with higher LE values. The proposed method for partitioning the datasets has been successfully tested on the FER dataset to classify six basic emotions (sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, and happiness). Based on our numerical results, PRF performed better than traditional RF and other ML methods for FER, providing 98.37% mean absolute accuracy. Thus, a robust and useful method for improving classification rates is proposed for both small and large datasets.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3560362" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3560362</a></p>2025-05-05T06:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1109/access.2025.3560362https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Novel_Partitioned_Random_Forest_Method-Based_Facial_Emotion_Recognition/30405889CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/304058892025-05-05T06:00:00Z
spellingShingle A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition
Hanif Heidari (22467148)
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Partitioned random forest
random forest
machine learning
facial emotion recognition
classification
emotions
Support vector machines
Classification algorithms
Real-time systems
Feature extraction
status_str publishedVersion
title A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition
title_full A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition
title_fullStr A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition
title_full_unstemmed A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition
title_short A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition
title_sort A Novel Partitioned Random Forest Method-Based Facial Emotion Recognition
topic Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Partitioned random forest
random forest
machine learning
facial emotion recognition
classification
emotions
Support vector machines
Classification algorithms
Real-time systems
Feature extraction