Towards sustainable hydrogen production: A critical review of perovskite photocatalysts and their energy conversion pathways
<p dir="ltr">Perovskite materials have emerged as promising catalysts for sustainable hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production a vital clean energy solution to combat climate change and substitute fossil fuels. Their adjustable crystal structures, remarkable catalytic activity...
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2025
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| Summary: | <p dir="ltr">Perovskite materials have emerged as promising catalysts for sustainable hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production a vital clean energy solution to combat climate change and substitute fossil fuels. Their adjustable crystal structures, remarkable catalytic activity, and advantageous optoelectronic properties facilitate efficient solar-driven water splitting. This review consolidates recent progress in perovskite-based hydrogen production through three main approaches: photocatalytic, thermochemical, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques. Significant advancements include LaTiO<sub>2</sub>N and Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub> combined with reduced graphene oxide (RGO), achieving improved charge separation and hydrogen evolution rates of up to 9.78 μmol. h<sup>−1</sup>. Composites of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) with carbonized polymer dots (CPD) achieve solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies of 2.15 %. In PEC systems, materials such as copper(I) oxide/strontium titanate (Cu<sub>2</sub>O/SrTiO<sub>3</sub>) and cadmium sulfide-decorated barium stannate (CdS/BaSnO<sub>3</sub>) produce photocurrent densities of ≤ 6.9 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and H<sub>2</sub> production rates of 12.3 μmol cm<sup>−2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>. Thermochemical cycles utilizing calcium-doped lanthanum manganite-based perovskites (e.g., LCMC8282) achieve rates of 64 μmol·h<sup>−1</sup>, while lanthanum strontium magnesium manganite (LSMMg) maintains 236 μmol·g<sup>−1</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> with excellent cyclability. Despite advancements, challenges remain in structural instability, environmental degradation (e.g., lead toxicity), and scalability. Current perovskite systems, while promising in controlled environments, lack the long-term stability and efficiency required for real-world deployment. Bridging the gap between material innovation and operational durability represents the principal barrier to commercialization. We conclude that compositional engineering, lead-free alternatives (e.g., Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub>), and interface design are crucial for advancing perovskite-based hydrogen technologies toward commercial viability.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Separation and Purification Technology<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135035" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135035</a></p> |
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