COVID-19 and neuropathy in type 2 diabetes

COVID-19 and neuropathy in type 2 diabetes

<p dir="ltr">This study investigated the risk factors for COVID-19 and its impact on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D underwent assessments with the NICE post-COVID questionnaire, DN4 questionnaire, vibration perception th...

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Main Author: Georgios Ponirakis (803076) (author)
Other Authors: Ibrahim Al-Janahi (14115354) (author), Einas Elgassim (13036443) (author), Aisha Al Obaidan (22457776) (author), Hoda Gad (6470522) (author), Ioannis N. Petropoulos (8748726) (author), Adnan Khan (696190) (author), Hadeel B. Zaghloul (19421291) (author), Hamda Ali (14115357) (author), Mashhood A. Siddique (19421292) (author), Fatima F. S. Mohamed (18602959) (author), Lina H. M. Ahmed (9571561) (author), Youssra Dakroury (9991407) (author), Abeer M. M. El Shewehy (22457779) (author), Shaikha N. Al-Thani (19421303) (author), Farheen Ahmed (12220484) (author), Rawan Hussein (19421304) (author), Salah Mahmoud (19421307) (author), Iuliia Salivon (19421315) (author), Moayad Homssi (14115375) (author), Nebras H. Hadid (19421309) (author), Ateeque Mohamed Ali (14683594) (author), Safah Khan (13192172) (author), Ziyad R. Mahfoud (6103547) (author), Mahmoud A. Zirie (19421317) (author), Gulfidan Bitirgen (3639196) (author), Yousuf Al-Ansari (14115389) (author), Mohammed I. Alhatou (22457782) (author), Stephen L. Atkin (6684368) (author), Rayaz A. Malik (7372649) (author)
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Medical biochemistry and metabolomics
Nutrition and dietetics
Health sciences
Epidemiology
COVID-19
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Type 2 diabetes
Corneal confocal microscopy
Severe COVID-19
long-COVID
Corneal nerve measures
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Summary:<p dir="ltr">This study investigated the risk factors for COVID-19 and its impact on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D underwent assessments with the NICE post-COVID questionnaire, DN4 questionnaire, vibration perception threshold (VPT), and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) before and 11.0 ± 8.9 months after developing COVID-19. Of 76 participants with T2D, 35 (46.1%) developed COVID-19, of whom 8 (22.9%) developed severe COVID-19 and 9 (25.7%) developed long-COVID. The development of COVID-19 was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The presence and severity of DPN were not associated with developing COVID-19, severe COVID-19, or long-COVID (<i>P</i> = 0.42–0.94). Women were eight times more likely to develop long-COVID (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and elevated body weight, LDL, and VPT were associated with the development of long-COVID (<i>P</i> < 0.05 − 0.01). The long-COVID group exhibited significant changes in triglycerides and LDL (<i>P</i> < 0.05 for both) and body weight (<i>P</i> < 0.01) at follow-up. Their impact on clinical and neuropathy measures was comparable in patients with and without COVID-19 (<i>P</i> = 0.08–0.99). There was a significant reduction in corneal nerve measures (<i>P</i> < 0.05-0.0001) in patients with and without COVID-19. A low systolic blood pressure, altered lipids, body weight, higher VPT, and gender may determine the impact of COVID-19 in patients with T2D, but there was no evidence of an impact of COVID-19 on the development or progression of DPN.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Scientific Reports<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95133-4" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95133-4</a></p>

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