The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs
<p>Generative AI (GenAI) outputs are not copyrightable. This article argues why. We bypass conventional doctrinal analysis that focuses on black letter law notions of originality and authorship to re-evaluate copyright's foundational philosophy. GenAI fundamentally severs the direct human...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1864513543126122496 |
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| author | Ezieddin Elmahjub (17788526) |
| author_facet | Ezieddin Elmahjub (17788526) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Ezieddin Elmahjub (17788526) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-09-22T09:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106170 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_algorithmic_muse_and_the_public_domain_Why_copyright_s_legal_philosophy_precludes_protection_for_generative_AI_outputs/29655860 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Human society Policy and administration Law and legal studies Law in context GenAI Copyright Public domain Authorship-Originality |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p>Generative AI (GenAI) outputs are not copyrightable. This article argues why. We bypass conventional doctrinal analysis that focuses on black letter law notions of originality and authorship to re-evaluate copyright's foundational philosophy. GenAI fundamentally severs the direct human creative link to expressive form. Traditional theories utilitarian incentive, labor desert and personality fail to provide coherent justification for protection. The public domain constitutes the default baseline for intellectual creations. Those seeking copyright coverage for GenAI outputs bear the burden of proof. Granting copyright to raw GenAI outputs would not only be philosophically unsound but would also trigger an unprecedented enclosure of the digital commons, creating a legal quagmire and stifling future innovation. The paper advocates for a clear distinction: human creative contributions to AI-generated works may warrant protection, but the raw algorithmic output should remain in the public domain.</p><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Computer Law & Security Review<br> License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106170" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106170</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_b27c8ffcaf8cc9069f40935f8a6ccc46 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106170 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/29655860 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputsEzieddin Elmahjub (17788526)Human societyPolicy and administrationLaw and legal studiesLaw in contextGenAICopyrightPublic domainAuthorship-Originality<p>Generative AI (GenAI) outputs are not copyrightable. This article argues why. We bypass conventional doctrinal analysis that focuses on black letter law notions of originality and authorship to re-evaluate copyright's foundational philosophy. GenAI fundamentally severs the direct human creative link to expressive form. Traditional theories utilitarian incentive, labor desert and personality fail to provide coherent justification for protection. The public domain constitutes the default baseline for intellectual creations. Those seeking copyright coverage for GenAI outputs bear the burden of proof. Granting copyright to raw GenAI outputs would not only be philosophically unsound but would also trigger an unprecedented enclosure of the digital commons, creating a legal quagmire and stifling future innovation. The paper advocates for a clear distinction: human creative contributions to AI-generated works may warrant protection, but the raw algorithmic output should remain in the public domain.</p><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Computer Law & Security Review<br> License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106170" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106170</a></p>2025-09-22T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106170https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_algorithmic_muse_and_the_public_domain_Why_copyright_s_legal_philosophy_precludes_protection_for_generative_AI_outputs/29655860CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/296558602025-09-22T09:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs Ezieddin Elmahjub (17788526) Human society Policy and administration Law and legal studies Law in context GenAI Copyright Public domain Authorship-Originality |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs |
| title_full | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs |
| title_fullStr | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs |
| title_full_unstemmed | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs |
| title_short | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs |
| title_sort | The algorithmic muse and the public domain: Why copyright’s legal philosophy precludes protection for generative AI outputs |
| topic | Human society Policy and administration Law and legal studies Law in context GenAI Copyright Public domain Authorship-Originality |