Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies

<p dir="ltr">Nitrogen-rich wastewater is a major environmental issue that requires proper treatment before disposal. This comprehensive overview covers biological, physical, and chemical nitrogen removal methods. Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SND) is most effective in s...

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Main Author: Abdullah Omar (6468326) (author)
Other Authors: Fares Almomani (12585685) (author), Hazim Qiblawey (16030546) (author), Kashif Rasool (2542492) (author)
Published: 2024
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author Abdullah Omar (6468326)
author2 Fares Almomani (12585685)
Hazim Qiblawey (16030546)
Kashif Rasool (2542492)
author2_role author
author
author
author_facet Abdullah Omar (6468326)
Fares Almomani (12585685)
Hazim Qiblawey (16030546)
Kashif Rasool (2542492)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Abdullah Omar (6468326)
Fares Almomani (12585685)
Hazim Qiblawey (16030546)
Kashif Rasool (2542492)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024-03-03T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/su16052112
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Advances_in_Nitrogen-Rich_Wastewater_Treatment_A_Comprehensive_Review_of_Modern_Technologies/26363134
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental management
wastewater treatment
nitrogen removal
microbial consortia
biocarrier materials
techno-economic analysis
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Nitrogen-rich wastewater is a major environmental issue that requires proper treatment before disposal. This comprehensive overview covers biological, physical, and chemical nitrogen removal methods. Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SND) is most effective in saline water when utilizing both aerobic and anoxic conditions with diverse microbial populations for nitrogen removal. Coupling anammox with denitrification could increase removal rates and reduce energy demand. Suspended growth bioreactors effectively treated diverse COD/N ratios and demonstrated resilience to low C/N ratios. Moving biofilm bioreactors exhibit reduced mortality rates, enhanced sludge–liquid separation, increased treatment efficiency, and stronger biological structures. SND studies show ≥90% total nitrogen removal efficiency (%RE<sub>TN</sub>) in diverse setups, with Defluviicoccus, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira as the main microbial communities, while anammox–denitrification achieved a %RE<sub>TN</sub> of 77%. Systems using polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate as a growth medium showed a %RE<sub>TN</sub> ≥ 75%. Air-lift reflux configurations exhibited high %RE<sub>TN</sub> and %RE<sub>NH4</sub>, reducing costs and minimizing sludge formation. Microwave pretreatment and high-frequency electric fields could be used to improve the %RE<sub>NH4</sub>. Adsorption/ion exchange, membrane distillation, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration exhibit promise in industrial wastewater treatment. AOPs and sulfate-based oxidants effectively eliminate nitrogen compounds from industrial wastewater. Tailoring proposed treatments for cost-effective nitrogen removal, optimizing microbial interactions, and analyzing the techno-economics of emerging technologies are crucial.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Sustainability<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052112" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052112</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv 10.3390/su16052112
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/26363134
publishDate 2024
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spelling Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern TechnologiesAbdullah Omar (6468326)Fares Almomani (12585685)Hazim Qiblawey (16030546)Kashif Rasool (2542492)EngineeringEnvironmental engineeringEnvironmental sciencesEnvironmental managementwastewater treatmentnitrogen removalmicrobial consortiabiocarrier materialstechno-economic analysis<p dir="ltr">Nitrogen-rich wastewater is a major environmental issue that requires proper treatment before disposal. This comprehensive overview covers biological, physical, and chemical nitrogen removal methods. Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SND) is most effective in saline water when utilizing both aerobic and anoxic conditions with diverse microbial populations for nitrogen removal. Coupling anammox with denitrification could increase removal rates and reduce energy demand. Suspended growth bioreactors effectively treated diverse COD/N ratios and demonstrated resilience to low C/N ratios. Moving biofilm bioreactors exhibit reduced mortality rates, enhanced sludge–liquid separation, increased treatment efficiency, and stronger biological structures. SND studies show ≥90% total nitrogen removal efficiency (%RE<sub>TN</sub>) in diverse setups, with Defluviicoccus, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira as the main microbial communities, while anammox–denitrification achieved a %RE<sub>TN</sub> of 77%. Systems using polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate as a growth medium showed a %RE<sub>TN</sub> ≥ 75%. Air-lift reflux configurations exhibited high %RE<sub>TN</sub> and %RE<sub>NH4</sub>, reducing costs and minimizing sludge formation. Microwave pretreatment and high-frequency electric fields could be used to improve the %RE<sub>NH4</sub>. Adsorption/ion exchange, membrane distillation, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration exhibit promise in industrial wastewater treatment. AOPs and sulfate-based oxidants effectively eliminate nitrogen compounds from industrial wastewater. Tailoring proposed treatments for cost-effective nitrogen removal, optimizing microbial interactions, and analyzing the techno-economics of emerging technologies are crucial.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Sustainability<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052112" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052112</a></p>2024-03-03T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.3390/su16052112https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Advances_in_Nitrogen-Rich_Wastewater_Treatment_A_Comprehensive_Review_of_Modern_Technologies/26363134CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/263631342024-03-03T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
Abdullah Omar (6468326)
Engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental management
wastewater treatment
nitrogen removal
microbial consortia
biocarrier materials
techno-economic analysis
status_str publishedVersion
title Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
title_full Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
title_fullStr Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
title_full_unstemmed Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
title_short Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
title_sort Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
topic Engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental sciences
Environmental management
wastewater treatment
nitrogen removal
microbial consortia
biocarrier materials
techno-economic analysis