Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells

<p dir="ltr"><u>Tungsten</u> (W) <u>thin films</u> were deposited onto pre-cleaned soda-lime <u>glass substrates</u> at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400 °C using DC <u>magnetron</u> sputtering. This <u>deposition...

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Main Author: M.I. Hossain (22303861) (author)
Other Authors: Akshath Shetty (18952801) (author), Mujaheed Pasha (16641658) (author), Brahim Aissa (10591619) (author)
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1864513538495610880
author M.I. Hossain (22303861)
author2 Akshath Shetty (18952801)
Mujaheed Pasha (16641658)
Brahim Aissa (10591619)
author2_role author
author
author
author_facet M.I. Hossain (22303861)
Akshath Shetty (18952801)
Mujaheed Pasha (16641658)
Brahim Aissa (10591619)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv M.I. Hossain (22303861)
Akshath Shetty (18952801)
Mujaheed Pasha (16641658)
Brahim Aissa (10591619)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-02-24T12:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Probing_deposition_temperature_effects_and_computational_analysis_of_DC-sputtered_tungsten_W_thin_films_for_CZTS_based_solar_cells/30198256
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Materials engineering
W thin films
DC-sputtering
Substrate temperature
XRD
FESEM
SCAPS
CZTS solar cell
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr"><u>Tungsten</u> (W) <u>thin films</u> were deposited onto pre-cleaned soda-lime <u>glass substrates</u> at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400 °C using DC <u>magnetron</u> sputtering. This <u>deposition process</u> was conducted to investigate how varying<u> substrate temperatures</u> affect the films' crystallographic, morphological, and <u>electrical characteristics</u>. The films' crystallographic structure was examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the surface morphology was analyzed using<u> Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy</u> (FESEM). Additionally, the electrical properties of the films were assessed via Hall Effect measurements to better understand the influence of substrate temperature on their conductivity and <u>carrier mobility</u>. <u>XRD analysis</u> revealed two diffraction peaks corresponding to the (200) and (210) planes of the cubic b-W phase, located at around 35° and 39°, respectively. An increase in peak intensities was observed as the substrate temperature rose up to 200 °C. The observed shift of peak positions towards higher 2θ values with increasing temperature suggests strain relaxation within the W lattice, as evidenced by a reduction in lattice parameters. FESEM images confirm the microstructural dependency on the substrate temperature. Electrical measurements were conducted, and the measured carrier concentration was around 10¹⁴ cm⁻³, increasing with temperature up to 200 °C before decreasing again. Films deposited at higher temperatures exhibited lower resistivity. Later, a novel heterojunction solar cell design incorporating a p-type CZTS absorber layer is analyzed in terms of absorber layer thickness with tungsten metal contact where the metal contact thickness was kept at 100 nm. These results suggest that the W films have strong potential for use in CZTS-based thin film solar cells.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Next Research<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_c270d98b672d068b4c232f35f1d588cc
identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30198256
publishDate 2025
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cellsM.I. Hossain (22303861)Akshath Shetty (18952801)Mujaheed Pasha (16641658)Brahim Aissa (10591619)EngineeringElectronics, sensors and digital hardwareMaterials engineeringW thin filmsDC-sputteringSubstrate temperatureXRDFESEMSCAPSCZTS solar cell<p dir="ltr"><u>Tungsten</u> (W) <u>thin films</u> were deposited onto pre-cleaned soda-lime <u>glass substrates</u> at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400 °C using DC <u>magnetron</u> sputtering. This <u>deposition process</u> was conducted to investigate how varying<u> substrate temperatures</u> affect the films' crystallographic, morphological, and <u>electrical characteristics</u>. The films' crystallographic structure was examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the surface morphology was analyzed using<u> Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy</u> (FESEM). Additionally, the electrical properties of the films were assessed via Hall Effect measurements to better understand the influence of substrate temperature on their conductivity and <u>carrier mobility</u>. <u>XRD analysis</u> revealed two diffraction peaks corresponding to the (200) and (210) planes of the cubic b-W phase, located at around 35° and 39°, respectively. An increase in peak intensities was observed as the substrate temperature rose up to 200 °C. The observed shift of peak positions towards higher 2θ values with increasing temperature suggests strain relaxation within the W lattice, as evidenced by a reduction in lattice parameters. FESEM images confirm the microstructural dependency on the substrate temperature. Electrical measurements were conducted, and the measured carrier concentration was around 10¹⁴ cm⁻³, increasing with temperature up to 200 °C before decreasing again. Films deposited at higher temperatures exhibited lower resistivity. Later, a novel heterojunction solar cell design incorporating a p-type CZTS absorber layer is analyzed in terms of absorber layer thickness with tungsten metal contact where the metal contact thickness was kept at 100 nm. These results suggest that the W films have strong potential for use in CZTS-based thin film solar cells.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Next Research<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163</a></p>2025-02-24T12:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Probing_deposition_temperature_effects_and_computational_analysis_of_DC-sputtered_tungsten_W_thin_films_for_CZTS_based_solar_cells/30198256CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/301982562025-02-24T12:00:00Z
spellingShingle Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
M.I. Hossain (22303861)
Engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Materials engineering
W thin films
DC-sputtering
Substrate temperature
XRD
FESEM
SCAPS
CZTS solar cell
status_str publishedVersion
title Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
title_full Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
title_fullStr Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
title_full_unstemmed Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
title_short Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
title_sort Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
topic Engineering
Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
Materials engineering
W thin films
DC-sputtering
Substrate temperature
XRD
FESEM
SCAPS
CZTS solar cell