Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells
<p dir="ltr"><u>Tungsten</u> (W) <u>thin films</u> were deposited onto pre-cleaned soda-lime <u>glass substrates</u> at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400 °C using DC <u>magnetron</u> sputtering. This <u>deposition...
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2025
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| author | M.I. Hossain (22303861) |
| author2 | Akshath Shetty (18952801) Mujaheed Pasha (16641658) Brahim Aissa (10591619) |
| author2_role | author author author |
| author_facet | M.I. Hossain (22303861) Akshath Shetty (18952801) Mujaheed Pasha (16641658) Brahim Aissa (10591619) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | M.I. Hossain (22303861) Akshath Shetty (18952801) Mujaheed Pasha (16641658) Brahim Aissa (10591619) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-02-24T12:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Probing_deposition_temperature_effects_and_computational_analysis_of_DC-sputtered_tungsten_W_thin_films_for_CZTS_based_solar_cells/30198256 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Engineering Electronics, sensors and digital hardware Materials engineering W thin films DC-sputtering Substrate temperature XRD FESEM SCAPS CZTS solar cell |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr"><u>Tungsten</u> (W) <u>thin films</u> were deposited onto pre-cleaned soda-lime <u>glass substrates</u> at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400 °C using DC <u>magnetron</u> sputtering. This <u>deposition process</u> was conducted to investigate how varying<u> substrate temperatures</u> affect the films' crystallographic, morphological, and <u>electrical characteristics</u>. The films' crystallographic structure was examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the surface morphology was analyzed using<u> Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy</u> (FESEM). Additionally, the electrical properties of the films were assessed via Hall Effect measurements to better understand the influence of substrate temperature on their conductivity and <u>carrier mobility</u>. <u>XRD analysis</u> revealed two diffraction peaks corresponding to the (200) and (210) planes of the cubic b-W phase, located at around 35° and 39°, respectively. An increase in peak intensities was observed as the substrate temperature rose up to 200 °C. The observed shift of peak positions towards higher 2θ values with increasing temperature suggests strain relaxation within the W lattice, as evidenced by a reduction in lattice parameters. FESEM images confirm the microstructural dependency on the substrate temperature. Electrical measurements were conducted, and the measured carrier concentration was around 10¹⁴ cm⁻³, increasing with temperature up to 200 °C before decreasing again. Films deposited at higher temperatures exhibited lower resistivity. Later, a novel heterojunction solar cell design incorporating a p-type CZTS absorber layer is analyzed in terms of absorber layer thickness with tungsten metal contact where the metal contact thickness was kept at 100 nm. These results suggest that the W films have strong potential for use in CZTS-based thin film solar cells.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Next Research<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_c270d98b672d068b4c232f35f1d588cc |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30198256 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cellsM.I. Hossain (22303861)Akshath Shetty (18952801)Mujaheed Pasha (16641658)Brahim Aissa (10591619)EngineeringElectronics, sensors and digital hardwareMaterials engineeringW thin filmsDC-sputteringSubstrate temperatureXRDFESEMSCAPSCZTS solar cell<p dir="ltr"><u>Tungsten</u> (W) <u>thin films</u> were deposited onto pre-cleaned soda-lime <u>glass substrates</u> at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400 °C using DC <u>magnetron</u> sputtering. This <u>deposition process</u> was conducted to investigate how varying<u> substrate temperatures</u> affect the films' crystallographic, morphological, and <u>electrical characteristics</u>. The films' crystallographic structure was examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the surface morphology was analyzed using<u> Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy</u> (FESEM). Additionally, the electrical properties of the films were assessed via Hall Effect measurements to better understand the influence of substrate temperature on their conductivity and <u>carrier mobility</u>. <u>XRD analysis</u> revealed two diffraction peaks corresponding to the (200) and (210) planes of the cubic b-W phase, located at around 35° and 39°, respectively. An increase in peak intensities was observed as the substrate temperature rose up to 200 °C. The observed shift of peak positions towards higher 2θ values with increasing temperature suggests strain relaxation within the W lattice, as evidenced by a reduction in lattice parameters. FESEM images confirm the microstructural dependency on the substrate temperature. Electrical measurements were conducted, and the measured carrier concentration was around 10¹⁴ cm⁻³, increasing with temperature up to 200 °C before decreasing again. Films deposited at higher temperatures exhibited lower resistivity. Later, a novel heterojunction solar cell design incorporating a p-type CZTS absorber layer is analyzed in terms of absorber layer thickness with tungsten metal contact where the metal contact thickness was kept at 100 nm. These results suggest that the W films have strong potential for use in CZTS-based thin film solar cells.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Next Research<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163</a></p>2025-02-24T12:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100163https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Probing_deposition_temperature_effects_and_computational_analysis_of_DC-sputtered_tungsten_W_thin_films_for_CZTS_based_solar_cells/30198256CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/301982562025-02-24T12:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells M.I. Hossain (22303861) Engineering Electronics, sensors and digital hardware Materials engineering W thin films DC-sputtering Substrate temperature XRD FESEM SCAPS CZTS solar cell |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells |
| title_full | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells |
| title_fullStr | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells |
| title_short | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells |
| title_sort | Probing deposition temperature effects and computational analysis of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) thin films for CZTS based solar cells |
| topic | Engineering Electronics, sensors and digital hardware Materials engineering W thin films DC-sputtering Substrate temperature XRD FESEM SCAPS CZTS solar cell |