Breaking the barriers towards large-scale microalgae-based bio-hydrogen production
<p dir="ltr">Microalgae-based biohydrogen (MaBHP) can couple CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation with renewable fuel generation and wastewater remediation, yet deployment is limited by low light-to-H2 efficiencies and high cultivation and processing costs. This review maps scale-up...
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , |
| منشور في: |
2025
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| الملخص: | <p dir="ltr">Microalgae-based biohydrogen (MaBHP) can couple CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation with renewable fuel generation and wastewater remediation, yet deployment is limited by low light-to-H2 efficiencies and high cultivation and processing costs. This review maps scale-up barriers across cultivation, H<sub>2</sub> induction, and purification, and prioritizes strategies with demonstrated cost or yield impact toward industrial feasibility. The review synthesized quantitative evidence (2000–2025) from techno-economic and life-cycle studies and pilot demonstrations covering wastewater integration, flue-gas CO<sub>2</sub> utilization, immobilized cultivation, hybrid ORP–PBR operation, and biorefinery co-products. Results showed that cultivation dominates the process cost: typical biomass costs are $3.54–$5.78/kg in tubular PBRs versus $3.42–$4.13/kg in ORPs; an automation/modularization case decreased microalgae production cost from $89 to $16/kg at ∼200 t/yr. Today, MaBHP via biophotolysis remains $7.2–$7.6/kg—above green electrolysis ($5–$7/kg) and grey/blue SMR ($1–$3/$1.6–$3.5/kg). Integration levers show tangible gains: secondary-treated wastewater enabled <i>Chlorella</i> growth with 76 % NH<sub>4</sub>+ removal and 53 % lipid accumulation; the spent medium yielded 200.8 μmolH<sub>2</sub>/mg<sub>chlorophyll.a</sub> in cyanobacteria; swine-wastewater loops cut freshwater use six-fold with 45.5 mLH<sub>2</sub>/gVS; alginate immobilization raised H<sub>2</sub> ∼40 % (to 2.4 LH<sub>2</sub>/<sub>Lculture</sub>) over five reuse cycles. A CSTR nutrient-recovery line on digested <i>Scenedesmus</i> recovered 68 % N and 72 % P via struvite, reducing synthetic fertilizer ∼35 %; flue-gas CO<sub>2</sub> (12 % v/v) lifted biomass 22 % and reduced carbon-supplement cost 86 %. The results show that combining wastewater/nutrient circularity, CO<sub>2</sub> co-utilization, oxygen/electron-flow control, high-A/V reactors with automation, and co-product valorization can narrow the cost gap and orient MaBHP toward future $1–$2/kg benchmarks.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.152133" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.152133</a></p> |
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