Chemical composition of indoor and outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the eastern Arabian Peninsula
<p dir="ltr">Water-soluble and trace metal species in fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were determined for indoor and outdoor environments in Doha, Qatar. During the study period, PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations showed significant variability across...
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2024
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| Summary: | <p dir="ltr">Water-soluble and trace metal species in fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were determined for indoor and outdoor environments in Doha, Qatar. During the study period, PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations showed significant variability across several indoor locations ranging from 7.1 to 75.8 μg m<sup>−3,</sup> while the outdoor mass concentration range was 34.7–154.4 µg m<sup>−3</sup>. The indoor and outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels did not exhibit statistically significant correlation, suggesting efficient building envelope protection against outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution. Rather than outdoor sources, human activities such as cooking, cleaning, and smoking were the most significant influence on chemical composition of indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub>. NH<sub>4</sub>+ concentration was insufficient to neutralize SO4<sup>2−</sup> indoors and outdoors, indicating the predominant presence of NH<sub>4</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub>. The enrichment factors indicated that outdoor Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, and Ni in PM<sub>2.5</sub> mostly originated from crustal sources. In contrast, the remaining outdoor trace metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and V) were mainly derived from anthropogenic sources. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratios revealed significant indoor sources for NH<sub>4</sub>+ and Cu. The crustal matter, water-soluble ions, and sea salt explained 42%, 21%, and 1% of the indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass, respectively. The same groups sequentially constituted 41%, 16%, and 1% of the outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34482-5" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34482-5</a></p> |
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