A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management

<p dir="ltr">This study conducts a comprehensive economic comparison between the conventional and Ca(OH)₂-modified Solvay processes and solar ponds as brine management technologies. In this context, the Solvay process presents a dual advantage by producing <u>sodium bicarbonate...

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Main Author: Dina Ewis (14149998) (author)
Other Authors: Sabla Y. Alnouri (6331652) (author), Abdelbaki Benamor (2868371) (author), Muftah H. El-Naas (2662543) (author)
Published: 2025
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author Dina Ewis (14149998)
author2 Sabla Y. Alnouri (6331652)
Abdelbaki Benamor (2868371)
Muftah H. El-Naas (2662543)
author2_role author
author
author
author_facet Dina Ewis (14149998)
Sabla Y. Alnouri (6331652)
Abdelbaki Benamor (2868371)
Muftah H. El-Naas (2662543)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Dina Ewis (14149998)
Sabla Y. Alnouri (6331652)
Abdelbaki Benamor (2868371)
Muftah H. El-Naas (2662543)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119119
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_comparative_economic_analysis_of_conventional_and_modified_Solvay_processes_vs_solar_ponds_for_brine_management/30962522
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Chemical engineering
Environmental engineering
Techno-economic analysis
Solvay
Carbon mineralization
Solar pond
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">This study conducts a comprehensive economic comparison between the conventional and Ca(OH)₂-modified Solvay processes and solar ponds as brine management technologies. In this context, the Solvay process presents a dual advantage by producing <u>sodium bicarbonate</u>, an economically valuable compound while simultaneously mitigating two critical environmental challenges: CO₂ emissions and brine waste. The analysis considers various brine characteristics, including temperature, pressure, and <u>salinity</u>, to assess their impact on the process's <u>economic feasibility</u>. In addition, the model evaluates CO<sub>2</sub> and sodium removal, as well as the associated economics, for different <u>water salinities</u>, including brackish water, seawater, and reject brine. Also, the economic profitability of the Solar Pond under similar reject brine characteristics was investigated. The results suggest that Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> modified Solvay is applicable for all types of water salinities ranging between 5 and 90 PSU with associated profit ranging from 0.5 $/m<sup>3</sup> to 9 $/m<sup>3</sup>. Whereas Solar Pond requires expenses of 6 $/m<sup>3</sup> <sub>of brine</sub> under the current used Solar Pond efficiencies (ORC 3.25 % and electricity price of 0.15 $/kWh). Overall, modified Solvay process not only generates profit but also simultaneously mitigates CO₂ emissions and reduces reject brine salinity significantly compared to Conventional Solvay. On the other hand, the solar pond process only reduces brine salinity without fully removing the residual salts, which still require costly <u>landfill disposal</u>, and overall, the process fails to generate profit under <u>current efficiency</u> conditions. Therefore, implementing the modified Solvay process offers the dual benefits of economic profitability and environmental sustainability.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Desalination<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2025.119119" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2025.119119</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_d1cc29f5ead820d52e50b564f4b9ff96
identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.desal.2025.119119
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30962522
publishDate 2025
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rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine managementDina Ewis (14149998)Sabla Y. Alnouri (6331652)Abdelbaki Benamor (2868371)Muftah H. El-Naas (2662543)EngineeringChemical engineeringEnvironmental engineeringTechno-economic analysisSolvayCarbon mineralizationSolar pond<p dir="ltr">This study conducts a comprehensive economic comparison between the conventional and Ca(OH)₂-modified Solvay processes and solar ponds as brine management technologies. In this context, the Solvay process presents a dual advantage by producing <u>sodium bicarbonate</u>, an economically valuable compound while simultaneously mitigating two critical environmental challenges: CO₂ emissions and brine waste. The analysis considers various brine characteristics, including temperature, pressure, and <u>salinity</u>, to assess their impact on the process's <u>economic feasibility</u>. In addition, the model evaluates CO<sub>2</sub> and sodium removal, as well as the associated economics, for different <u>water salinities</u>, including brackish water, seawater, and reject brine. Also, the economic profitability of the Solar Pond under similar reject brine characteristics was investigated. The results suggest that Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> modified Solvay is applicable for all types of water salinities ranging between 5 and 90 PSU with associated profit ranging from 0.5 $/m<sup>3</sup> to 9 $/m<sup>3</sup>. Whereas Solar Pond requires expenses of 6 $/m<sup>3</sup> <sub>of brine</sub> under the current used Solar Pond efficiencies (ORC 3.25 % and electricity price of 0.15 $/kWh). Overall, modified Solvay process not only generates profit but also simultaneously mitigates CO₂ emissions and reduces reject brine salinity significantly compared to Conventional Solvay. On the other hand, the solar pond process only reduces brine salinity without fully removing the residual salts, which still require costly <u>landfill disposal</u>, and overall, the process fails to generate profit under <u>current efficiency</u> conditions. Therefore, implementing the modified Solvay process offers the dual benefits of economic profitability and environmental sustainability.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Desalination<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2025.119119" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2025.119119</a></p>2025-11-01T00:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.desal.2025.119119https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_comparative_economic_analysis_of_conventional_and_modified_Solvay_processes_vs_solar_ponds_for_brine_management/30962522CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/309625222025-11-01T00:00:00Z
spellingShingle A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management
Dina Ewis (14149998)
Engineering
Chemical engineering
Environmental engineering
Techno-economic analysis
Solvay
Carbon mineralization
Solar pond
status_str publishedVersion
title A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management
title_full A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management
title_fullStr A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management
title_full_unstemmed A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management
title_short A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management
title_sort A comparative economic analysis of conventional and modified Solvay processes vs. solar ponds for brine management
topic Engineering
Chemical engineering
Environmental engineering
Techno-economic analysis
Solvay
Carbon mineralization
Solar pond