Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed

<p dir="ltr">This research conducts a comprehensive numerical assessment of wind energy potential across Brazil, utilizing six decades of wind speed data collected from 27 cities to analyze Probability Density Function (PDF) parameters and enhance wind resource mapping. The study emp...

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Main Author: Ahmed Badawi (19757055) (author)
Other Authors: Amaury Souza (13188197) (author), Mario Elzein (22173232) (author), Hassan Ali (3348749) (author), Alhareth Zyoud (19757052) (author)
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1864513533245390848
author Ahmed Badawi (19757055)
author2 Amaury Souza (13188197)
Mario Elzein (22173232)
Hassan Ali (3348749)
Alhareth Zyoud (19757052)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author_facet Ahmed Badawi (19757055)
Amaury Souza (13188197)
Mario Elzein (22173232)
Hassan Ali (3348749)
Alhareth Zyoud (19757052)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ahmed Badawi (19757055)
Amaury Souza (13188197)
Mario Elzein (22173232)
Hassan Ali (3348749)
Alhareth Zyoud (19757052)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-09T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1109/access.2025.3568085
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Extensive_Numerical_Analysis_of_PDF_Parameters_for_Wind_Energy_in_Brazil_A_Study_Across_27_Cities_for_60_Years_Wind_Speed/30528794
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Earth sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Climate change science
Engineering
Electrical engineering
Probability density function
Shape factor
Scale factor
Wind energy
Numerical analysis
Goodness of fit
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">This research conducts a comprehensive numerical assessment of wind energy potential across Brazil, utilizing six decades of wind speed data collected from 27 cities to analyze Probability Density Function (PDF) parameters and enhance wind resource mapping. The study employs the Weibull distribution, characterized by shape factor k and scale factor c, to represent wind speed variations. Nine numerical methods, including Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), Method of Moments (MM), Empirical Method (EM), Standard Deviation Method (STDM), Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (MMLM), Second Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (SMMLM), Graphical Method (GM), Least Mean Square Method (LSM), and Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPF), were used for parameter estimation. Statistical analysis was conducted using metrics such as Index of Agreement (IA), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Chi-square test ( χ<sup>2</sup>), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE. The results showed that MLM was the most accurate method, followed by STDM, EM, MM, and EPF, while GM and LSM were less effective. The analysis revealed a scale factor range of 2.17-2.36 m/s and a shape factor of 2.5-2.78, indicating a bell-shaped Gaussian PDF. The Mean Wind Speed (MWS) was 2.06 m/s, suggesting potential for small-scale wind turbine deployment for energy production. This study provides valuable insights for wind energy development in Brazil, offering a methodological approach to optimize wind turbine placement and reduce electricity generation costs.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_d437e3ae0751817c4c6b2d83cf2f56fb
identifier_str_mv 10.1109/access.2025.3568085
network_acronym_str Manara2
network_name_str Manara2
oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30528794
publishDate 2025
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv CC BY 4.0
spelling Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind SpeedAhmed Badawi (19757055)Amaury Souza (13188197)Mario Elzein (22173232)Hassan Ali (3348749)Alhareth Zyoud (19757052)Earth sciencesAtmospheric sciencesClimate change scienceEngineeringElectrical engineeringProbability density functionShape factorScale factorWind energyNumerical analysisGoodness of fit<p dir="ltr">This research conducts a comprehensive numerical assessment of wind energy potential across Brazil, utilizing six decades of wind speed data collected from 27 cities to analyze Probability Density Function (PDF) parameters and enhance wind resource mapping. The study employs the Weibull distribution, characterized by shape factor k and scale factor c, to represent wind speed variations. Nine numerical methods, including Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), Method of Moments (MM), Empirical Method (EM), Standard Deviation Method (STDM), Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (MMLM), Second Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (SMMLM), Graphical Method (GM), Least Mean Square Method (LSM), and Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPF), were used for parameter estimation. Statistical analysis was conducted using metrics such as Index of Agreement (IA), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Chi-square test ( χ<sup>2</sup>), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE. The results showed that MLM was the most accurate method, followed by STDM, EM, MM, and EPF, while GM and LSM were less effective. The analysis revealed a scale factor range of 2.17-2.36 m/s and a shape factor of 2.5-2.78, indicating a bell-shaped Gaussian PDF. The Mean Wind Speed (MWS) was 2.06 m/s, suggesting potential for small-scale wind turbine deployment for energy production. This study provides valuable insights for wind energy development in Brazil, offering a methodological approach to optimize wind turbine placement and reduce electricity generation costs.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IEEE Access<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085</a></p>2025-05-09T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1109/access.2025.3568085https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Extensive_Numerical_Analysis_of_PDF_Parameters_for_Wind_Energy_in_Brazil_A_Study_Across_27_Cities_for_60_Years_Wind_Speed/30528794CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/305287942025-05-09T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed
Ahmed Badawi (19757055)
Earth sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Climate change science
Engineering
Electrical engineering
Probability density function
Shape factor
Scale factor
Wind energy
Numerical analysis
Goodness of fit
status_str publishedVersion
title Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed
title_full Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed
title_fullStr Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed
title_full_unstemmed Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed
title_short Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed
title_sort Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed
topic Earth sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Climate change science
Engineering
Electrical engineering
Probability density function
Shape factor
Scale factor
Wind energy
Numerical analysis
Goodness of fit