Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses
<p dir="ltr">Integrating direct air capture (DAC) technology into Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems offers an innovative approach to improving energy efficiency and indoor air quality in buildings while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions. This study inve...
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2025
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| author | Aliya Banu (17017731) |
| author2 | Namra Mir (17017734) Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564) Yasser M. Abdullatif (14151324) Abdulkarem I. Amhamed (17017737) Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268) Yusuf Bicer (14158977) |
| author2_role | author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Aliya Banu (17017731) Namra Mir (17017734) Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564) Yasser M. Abdullatif (14151324) Abdulkarem I. Amhamed (17017737) Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268) Yusuf Bicer (14158977) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Aliya Banu (17017731) Namra Mir (17017734) Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564) Yasser M. Abdullatif (14151324) Abdulkarem I. Amhamed (17017737) Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268) Yusuf Bicer (14158977) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-03-17T09:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jece.2025.116201 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Life_Cycle_Cost_Analysis_of_Direct_Air_Capture_Integrated_with_HVAC_Systems_Utilization_Routes_in_Formic_Acid_Production_and_Agricultural_Greenhouses/28630715 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences Agriculture, land and farm management Engineering Environmental engineering Carbon capture Carbon utilization DAC Electrochemical reduction Greenhouses Life cycle costing Techno-economic |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <p dir="ltr">Integrating direct air capture (DAC) technology into Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems offers an innovative approach to improving energy efficiency and indoor air quality in buildings while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions. This study investigates the economic feasibility of DAC integrated with HVAC by evaluating several key economic indicators including life cycle costing. Two adsorbents, Lewatit VP OC 1065 (Lewatit) and SBA-15, are evaluated within the system, for which the results indicate a significant economic advantage for SBA-15 over Lewatit. The levelized cost of the DAC with SBA-15 was found to be $202 per ton of CO<sub>2</sub> captured, demonstrating competitive economics for this carbon capture technology. To enhance the process's economics, the captured CO<sub>2</sub> is utilized in two key utilization pathways: low-carbon fuel and agricultural production. The first pathway explores the electrochemical conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into formic acid (FA). The system demonstrates strong economic potential, with an NPV of $6.41 million and a levelized cost of $0.499/kg of FA. Critical economic parameters, such as Faradaic efficiency, current density, and electrolyzer stack price, are identified and should be optimized through further research into electrolyzer design. Alternatively, the second pathway considers utilizing the captured CO<sub>2</sub> for greenhouse CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment, enhancing crop growth and reducing water consumption, thus addressing food security concerns. The NPV for the greenhouse system with CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment was calculated to be $226,879, with a levelized cost of $1.13/kg of produce (tomatoes). Sensitivity analyses are performed on key economic variables, including the discount rate, electricity price, and final product selling price, to account for future market fluctuations.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.116201" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.116201</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_dd74ca53b947bc1e2743636adcd5ed07 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jece.2025.116201 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/28630715 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural GreenhousesAliya Banu (17017731)Namra Mir (17017734)Ikhlas Ghiat (16932564)Yasser M. Abdullatif (14151324)Abdulkarem I. Amhamed (17017737)Tareq Al-Ansari (9872268)Yusuf Bicer (14158977)Agricultural, veterinary and food sciencesAgriculture, land and farm managementEngineeringEnvironmental engineeringCarbon captureCarbon utilizationDACElectrochemical reductionGreenhousesLife cycle costingTechno-economic<p dir="ltr">Integrating direct air capture (DAC) technology into Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems offers an innovative approach to improving energy efficiency and indoor air quality in buildings while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions. This study investigates the economic feasibility of DAC integrated with HVAC by evaluating several key economic indicators including life cycle costing. Two adsorbents, Lewatit VP OC 1065 (Lewatit) and SBA-15, are evaluated within the system, for which the results indicate a significant economic advantage for SBA-15 over Lewatit. The levelized cost of the DAC with SBA-15 was found to be $202 per ton of CO<sub>2</sub> captured, demonstrating competitive economics for this carbon capture technology. To enhance the process's economics, the captured CO<sub>2</sub> is utilized in two key utilization pathways: low-carbon fuel and agricultural production. The first pathway explores the electrochemical conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into formic acid (FA). The system demonstrates strong economic potential, with an NPV of $6.41 million and a levelized cost of $0.499/kg of FA. Critical economic parameters, such as Faradaic efficiency, current density, and electrolyzer stack price, are identified and should be optimized through further research into electrolyzer design. Alternatively, the second pathway considers utilizing the captured CO<sub>2</sub> for greenhouse CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment, enhancing crop growth and reducing water consumption, thus addressing food security concerns. The NPV for the greenhouse system with CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment was calculated to be $226,879, with a levelized cost of $1.13/kg of produce (tomatoes). Sensitivity analyses are performed on key economic variables, including the discount rate, electricity price, and final product selling price, to account for future market fluctuations.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.116201" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.116201</a></p>2025-03-17T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.jece.2025.116201https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Life_Cycle_Cost_Analysis_of_Direct_Air_Capture_Integrated_with_HVAC_Systems_Utilization_Routes_in_Formic_Acid_Production_and_Agricultural_Greenhouses/28630715CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/286307152025-03-17T09:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses Aliya Banu (17017731) Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences Agriculture, land and farm management Engineering Environmental engineering Carbon capture Carbon utilization DAC Electrochemical reduction Greenhouses Life cycle costing Techno-economic |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses |
| title_full | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses |
| title_fullStr | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses |
| title_short | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses |
| title_sort | Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Direct Air Capture Integrated with HVAC Systems: Utilization Routes in Formic Acid Production and Agricultural Greenhouses |
| topic | Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences Agriculture, land and farm management Engineering Environmental engineering Carbon capture Carbon utilization DAC Electrochemical reduction Greenhouses Life cycle costing Techno-economic |