Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan

<p dir="ltr">Particulate Black carbon (BC), a critical short-lived climate pollutant, emitted from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning. Due to its strong light-absorbing properties, BC can significantly alter the atmospheric radiation balance and impact air quali...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: N. Ahmad (5070401) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: M. Razi (22502015) (author), M. Z. Shahid (22502018) (author), R. Nawaz (18508117) (author), M. I. Shahzad (22502021) (author), S. Shafiq (22502024) (author), I. Shahid (22502027) (author)
منشور في: 2025
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author N. Ahmad (5070401)
author2 M. Razi (22502015)
M. Z. Shahid (22502018)
R. Nawaz (18508117)
M. I. Shahzad (22502021)
S. Shafiq (22502024)
I. Shahid (22502027)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet N. Ahmad (5070401)
M. Razi (22502015)
M. Z. Shahid (22502018)
R. Nawaz (18508117)
M. I. Shahzad (22502021)
S. Shafiq (22502024)
I. Shahid (22502027)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv N. Ahmad (5070401)
M. Razi (22502015)
M. Z. Shahid (22502018)
R. Nawaz (18508117)
M. I. Shahzad (22502021)
S. Shafiq (22502024)
I. Shahid (22502027)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-16T09:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Temporal_variability_of_particulate_black_carbon_over_Lahore_Pakistan/30454454
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Earth sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Black carbon
PM2.5
South Asia
Megacity
Urbanization
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Particulate Black carbon (BC), a critical short-lived climate pollutant, emitted from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning. Due to its strong light-absorbing properties, BC can significantly alter the atmospheric radiation balance and impact air quality and climate. This study investigates the temporal variability of BC mass concentrations over Lahore, Pakistan, using continuous high-resolution measurements from January 2019 to December 2020 with an aethalometer. BC concentrations within PM2.5 aerosols were recorded at a one-minute temporal resolution and analyzed for daily, monthly, and seasonal trends. The daily mean BC concentrations exhibited substantial variation, averaging 11.77 ± 13.54 µg/m<sup>3</sup> (ranging from 0.66 to 148.45 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) in 2019 and 11.17 ± 8.67 µg/m<sup>3</sup> (ranging from 1.55 to 50.52 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) in 2020. The highest monthly mean BC concentration (32.64 ± 60.64 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) was recorded in January 2019, with an extreme hourly peak of 1042.71 µg/m<sup>3</sup> on January 2 at 21:00 h. For both years, the lowest BC levels were consistently observed in August. Weekly trends revealed that the Sunday observed minimum BC concentrations (10.1 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) and Wednesdays maximum (13.2 µg/m<sup>3</sup>). Diurnal variations followed a bimodal pattern, with peaks during morning and evening to midnight, likely driven by traffic emissions and boundary layer dynamics. Correlation analysis showed a robust inverse relationship between BC concentrations and meteorological parameters, with R-values ranging from − 0.46 to − 0.63 for temperature and wind speed. The study highlights the significant contribution of BC to atmospheric aerosol loadings over Lahore, revealing substantial fluctuations across diurnal, daily, monthly, and seasonal scales, and emphasizing the need for effective air pollution control strategies.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv 10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30454454
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spelling Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore PakistanN. Ahmad (5070401)M. Razi (22502015)M. Z. Shahid (22502018)R. Nawaz (18508117)M. I. Shahzad (22502021)S. Shafiq (22502024)I. Shahid (22502027)Earth sciencesAtmospheric sciencesEnvironmental sciencesClimate change impacts and adaptationBlack carbonPM2.5South AsiaMegacityUrbanization<p dir="ltr">Particulate Black carbon (BC), a critical short-lived climate pollutant, emitted from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning. Due to its strong light-absorbing properties, BC can significantly alter the atmospheric radiation balance and impact air quality and climate. This study investigates the temporal variability of BC mass concentrations over Lahore, Pakistan, using continuous high-resolution measurements from January 2019 to December 2020 with an aethalometer. BC concentrations within PM2.5 aerosols were recorded at a one-minute temporal resolution and analyzed for daily, monthly, and seasonal trends. The daily mean BC concentrations exhibited substantial variation, averaging 11.77 ± 13.54 µg/m<sup>3</sup> (ranging from 0.66 to 148.45 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) in 2019 and 11.17 ± 8.67 µg/m<sup>3</sup> (ranging from 1.55 to 50.52 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) in 2020. The highest monthly mean BC concentration (32.64 ± 60.64 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) was recorded in January 2019, with an extreme hourly peak of 1042.71 µg/m<sup>3</sup> on January 2 at 21:00 h. For both years, the lowest BC levels were consistently observed in August. Weekly trends revealed that the Sunday observed minimum BC concentrations (10.1 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) and Wednesdays maximum (13.2 µg/m<sup>3</sup>). Diurnal variations followed a bimodal pattern, with peaks during morning and evening to midnight, likely driven by traffic emissions and boundary layer dynamics. Correlation analysis showed a robust inverse relationship between BC concentrations and meteorological parameters, with R-values ranging from − 0.46 to − 0.63 for temperature and wind speed. The study highlights the significant contribution of BC to atmospheric aerosol loadings over Lahore, revealing substantial fluctuations across diurnal, daily, monthly, and seasonal scales, and emphasizing the need for effective air pollution control strategies.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3</a></p>2025-05-16T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Temporal_variability_of_particulate_black_carbon_over_Lahore_Pakistan/30454454CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/304544542025-05-16T09:00:00Z
spellingShingle Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan
N. Ahmad (5070401)
Earth sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Black carbon
PM2.5
South Asia
Megacity
Urbanization
status_str publishedVersion
title Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan
title_full Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan
title_fullStr Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan
title_short Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan
title_sort Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan
topic Earth sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Environmental sciences
Climate change impacts and adaptation
Black carbon
PM2.5
South Asia
Megacity
Urbanization