A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data

<p>Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) and non-intrusive occupancy monitoring (NIOM) are critical for smart home management, enabling device-level energy optimization, fault detection, and improved energy efficiency, comfort, and security. However, most existing methods treat NILM and NIOM se...

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محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Sakib Mahmud (15302404) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Mahdi Houchati (16891560) (author), Muhammad E.H. Chowdhury (17151154) (author), Faycal Bensaali (12427401) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
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author Sakib Mahmud (15302404)
author2 Mahdi Houchati (16891560)
Muhammad E.H. Chowdhury (17151154)
Faycal Bensaali (12427401)
author2_role author
author
author
author_facet Sakib Mahmud (15302404)
Mahdi Houchati (16891560)
Muhammad E.H. Chowdhury (17151154)
Faycal Bensaali (12427401)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Sakib Mahmud (15302404)
Mahdi Houchati (16891560)
Muhammad E.H. Chowdhury (17151154)
Faycal Bensaali (12427401)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-08-13T15:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113731
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_cascaded_deep_learning_framework_for_simultaneous_non-intrusive_load_and_occupancy_monitoring_using_multi-channel_aggregated_smart_meter_data/30018694
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Engineering
Electrical engineering
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Non-intrusive occupancy monitoring
Energy disaggregation
Non-intrusive load state monitoring
Sequence-to-sequence-to-point learning
Smart meter
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p>Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) and non-intrusive occupancy monitoring (NIOM) are critical for smart home management, enabling device-level energy optimization, fault detection, and improved energy efficiency, comfort, and security. However, most existing methods treat NILM and NIOM separately, limiting their combined potential. Traditional NILM struggles with overlapping device loads, while NIOM often relies on intrusive sensors, raising concerns about privacy, scalability, and integration. The proliferation of smart meters presents an opportunity to unify NILM and NIOM in a single, non-intrusive framework, though challenges remain in accurate device-level disaggregation and complex occupancy pattern recognition. To address this, we propose non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring (NILOM), a dual-phase deep learning framework for real-time NILM and NIOM using multi-channel smart meter data. The framework cascades a load disaggregation network (LD-Net), a 1D sequence-to-sequence model for appliance-level load disaggregation, and an occupancy detection network (OD-Net), a 1D sequence-to-point classifier for occupancy detection from reaggregated household-level load event patterns. We also introduce the dice of energies of interest (DEOI) metric for robust load disaggregation assessment. Evaluated on the Electricity Consumption & Occupancy (ECO) dataset, NILOM outperforms domain benchmarks for both load disaggregation and occupancy detection, achieving approximately 90 % accuracy and F1-score in occupancy classification. Further improvements are realized through targeted device selection for generating household-level load event pulses after load disaggregation. Overall, NILOM provides a scalable, accurate, and privacy-preserving solution for integrated energy and occupancy management in smart homes.</p><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Journal of Building Engineering<br> License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113731" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113731</a></p>
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identifier_str_mv 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113731
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/30018694
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spelling A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter dataSakib Mahmud (15302404)Mahdi Houchati (16891560)Muhammad E.H. Chowdhury (17151154)Faycal Bensaali (12427401)EngineeringElectrical engineeringInformation and computing sciencesArtificial intelligenceMachine learningNon-intrusive occupancy monitoringEnergy disaggregationNon-intrusive load state monitoringSequence-to-sequence-to-point learningSmart meter<p>Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) and non-intrusive occupancy monitoring (NIOM) are critical for smart home management, enabling device-level energy optimization, fault detection, and improved energy efficiency, comfort, and security. However, most existing methods treat NILM and NIOM separately, limiting their combined potential. Traditional NILM struggles with overlapping device loads, while NIOM often relies on intrusive sensors, raising concerns about privacy, scalability, and integration. The proliferation of smart meters presents an opportunity to unify NILM and NIOM in a single, non-intrusive framework, though challenges remain in accurate device-level disaggregation and complex occupancy pattern recognition. To address this, we propose non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring (NILOM), a dual-phase deep learning framework for real-time NILM and NIOM using multi-channel smart meter data. The framework cascades a load disaggregation network (LD-Net), a 1D sequence-to-sequence model for appliance-level load disaggregation, and an occupancy detection network (OD-Net), a 1D sequence-to-point classifier for occupancy detection from reaggregated household-level load event patterns. We also introduce the dice of energies of interest (DEOI) metric for robust load disaggregation assessment. Evaluated on the Electricity Consumption & Occupancy (ECO) dataset, NILOM outperforms domain benchmarks for both load disaggregation and occupancy detection, achieving approximately 90 % accuracy and F1-score in occupancy classification. Further improvements are realized through targeted device selection for generating household-level load event pulses after load disaggregation. Overall, NILOM provides a scalable, accurate, and privacy-preserving solution for integrated energy and occupancy management in smart homes.</p><h2>Other Information</h2> <p> Published in: Journal of Building Engineering<br> License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113731" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113731</a></p>2025-08-13T15:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113731https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_cascaded_deep_learning_framework_for_simultaneous_non-intrusive_load_and_occupancy_monitoring_using_multi-channel_aggregated_smart_meter_data/30018694CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/300186942025-08-13T15:00:00Z
spellingShingle A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data
Sakib Mahmud (15302404)
Engineering
Electrical engineering
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Non-intrusive occupancy monitoring
Energy disaggregation
Non-intrusive load state monitoring
Sequence-to-sequence-to-point learning
Smart meter
status_str publishedVersion
title A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data
title_full A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data
title_fullStr A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data
title_full_unstemmed A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data
title_short A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data
title_sort A cascaded deep learning framework for simultaneous non-intrusive load and occupancy monitoring using multi-channel aggregated smart meter data
topic Engineering
Electrical engineering
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Non-intrusive occupancy monitoring
Energy disaggregation
Non-intrusive load state monitoring
Sequence-to-sequence-to-point learning
Smart meter