Harnessing microalgae for a synergistic approach to CO₂ capture, wastewater treatment, and biodiesel production: A review
<p dir="ltr">This review explores <i>microalgae</i> as a sustainable solution for CO₂ reduction and <i>wastewater treatment</i>, particularly in resource-limited GCC regions. The study highlights recent advances in microalgal <u>biodiesel</u> produ...
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| منشور في: |
2025
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| الملخص: | <p dir="ltr">This review explores <i>microalgae</i> as a sustainable solution for CO₂ reduction and <i>wastewater treatment</i>, particularly in resource-limited GCC regions. The study highlights recent advances in microalgal <u>biodiesel</u> production and promotes integrated systems combining CO₂ capture, nutrient recovery, and biofuel generation to support circular biorefinery models. Microalgae, particularly <i>Chlorella vulgaris </i>exhibit high photosynthetic efficiency with CO₂ fixation rates up to 1.5 g CO₂/L/day while removing > 90 % of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Under optimized mixotrophic conditions, C. vulgaris achieves biomass concentrations of 4.0 g/L with 20–40 % lipid content, supporting viable biodiesel yields. These characteristics make it particularly suitable for integrated environmental remediation and biofuel production. Innovative cultivation strategies including high-rate algal ponds, membrane <u>bioreactors</u>, and CO₂-enriched <u>flue gas</u> significantly enhance productivity and resource efficiency. Advanced harvesting techniques like <u>flocculation</u>, dissolved air <u>flotation</u>, and decanter centrifugation have improved biomass recovery (> 93 %) while reducing energy consumption. Extraction methods using <u>ionic liquids</u>, bio-based solvents (e.g., 2-MeTHF), and supercritical CO₂ achieve yields up to 97 %, while optimized <u>transesterification</u> processes using microwave or ultrasound-assisted catalysis report fatty acid methyl ester yields up to 88 %. Despite promising developments, commercial implementation faces challenges including high operational costs, energy-intensive processing, and biomass quality variability. Hybrid systems coupling microalgal cultivation with <u>wastewater treatment</u> and <u>industrial effluents</u> offer scalable pathways to enhance economic feasibility. This review summarizes advancements in MABS, identifies knowledge gaps, and outlines future directions for integrating CO₂ capture, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production, while emphasizing the importance of policy support and innovation for sustainable environmental and energy systems.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.117465" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.117465</a></p> |
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