Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh

<p dir="ltr">Accurate precipitation forecasting is crucial for evaluating various hydrological processes. This research explores the application of deep learning models for rainfall prediction in the northern region of Bangladesh, focusing on the comparative performance of six models...

وصف كامل

محفوظ في:
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلف الرئيسي: Md Safayet Islam (23073187) (author)
مؤلفون آخرون: Md Shafiuzzaman (23073190) (author), Golam Mahmud (23073193) (author), Nabila Nowshin (23073196) (author), Parisa Reza (23073199) (author), Jahid Hasan (4356820) (author), Md. Faysal Ahamed (21842396) (author), Md Nahiduzzaman (9092546) (author), Mohamed Arselene Ayari (16869978) (author), Amith Khandakar (14151981) (author)
منشور في: 2025
الموضوعات:
الوسوم: إضافة وسم
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author Md Safayet Islam (23073187)
author2 Md Shafiuzzaman (23073190)
Golam Mahmud (23073193)
Nabila Nowshin (23073196)
Parisa Reza (23073199)
Jahid Hasan (4356820)
Md. Faysal Ahamed (21842396)
Md Nahiduzzaman (9092546)
Mohamed Arselene Ayari (16869978)
Amith Khandakar (14151981)
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Md Safayet Islam (23073187)
Md Shafiuzzaman (23073190)
Golam Mahmud (23073193)
Nabila Nowshin (23073196)
Parisa Reza (23073199)
Jahid Hasan (4356820)
Md. Faysal Ahamed (21842396)
Md Nahiduzzaman (9092546)
Mohamed Arselene Ayari (16869978)
Amith Khandakar (14151981)
author_role author
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Md Safayet Islam (23073187)
Md Shafiuzzaman (23073190)
Golam Mahmud (23073193)
Nabila Nowshin (23073196)
Parisa Reza (23073199)
Jahid Hasan (4356820)
Md. Faysal Ahamed (21842396)
Md Nahiduzzaman (9092546)
Mohamed Arselene Ayari (16869978)
Amith Khandakar (14151981)
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-10-06T03:00:00Z
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 10.1007/s00521-025-11646-z
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Explainable_deep_learning_for_rainfall_prediction_A_CNN-XGBoost_hybrid_approach_in_the_northern_region_of_Bangladesh/31168447
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv CC BY 4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Environmental sciences
Ecological applications
Environmental management
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Data management and data science
Rainfall Prediction
Hybrid Deep Learning Models
CNN-XGB
Explainable AI in Hydrology
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Text
Journal contribution
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
text
contribution to journal
description <p dir="ltr">Accurate precipitation forecasting is crucial for evaluating various hydrological processes. This research explores the application of deep learning models for rainfall prediction in the northern region of Bangladesh, focusing on the comparative performance of six models: CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), XGB (Extreme Gradient Boosting), Ensemble Model, Transformer-XGB, and CNN-XGB. Two distinct datasets were utilized to assess the effectiveness of these models. Among them, the CNN-XGB hybrid model consistently demonstrated superior performance across all evaluation metrics, establishing it as the most reliable predictor in this study. Rajshahi district’s satellite dataset showed an RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) of 0.65 mm/day, MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 0.28 mm/day, and R<sup>2</sup> of 0.99. In the ground dataset, Rajshahi district beat other models with an RMSE of 16.28 mm/month, MAE of 7.85 mm/month, and R<sup>2</sup> of 0.98. These findings demonstrate the model’s efficacy across several data sources. To enhance the interpretability of the proposed CNN-XGB model, we deployed the SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) explainer, providing insights into the model’s decision-making process. This research highlights the potential of hybrid models in enhancing rainfall prediction accuracy while providing transparency through explainable AI techniques. Beyond hydrology, the predicted rainfall patterns provide essential inputs for urban planners to optimize land-use zoning in flood-prone areas, and guide resilient infrastructure development. </p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Neural Computing and Applications<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11646-z" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11646-z</a></p>
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
id Manara2_f9469073b3b62fc1ae24eb978f41686e
identifier_str_mv 10.1007/s00521-025-11646-z
network_acronym_str Manara2
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oai_identifier_str oai:figshare.com:article/31168447
publishDate 2025
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spelling Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of BangladeshMd Safayet Islam (23073187)Md Shafiuzzaman (23073190)Golam Mahmud (23073193)Nabila Nowshin (23073196)Parisa Reza (23073199)Jahid Hasan (4356820)Md. Faysal Ahamed (21842396)Md Nahiduzzaman (9092546)Mohamed Arselene Ayari (16869978)Amith Khandakar (14151981)Environmental sciencesEcological applicationsEnvironmental managementInformation and computing sciencesArtificial intelligenceData management and data scienceRainfall PredictionHybrid Deep Learning ModelsCNN-XGBExplainable AI in Hydrology<p dir="ltr">Accurate precipitation forecasting is crucial for evaluating various hydrological processes. This research explores the application of deep learning models for rainfall prediction in the northern region of Bangladesh, focusing on the comparative performance of six models: CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), XGB (Extreme Gradient Boosting), Ensemble Model, Transformer-XGB, and CNN-XGB. Two distinct datasets were utilized to assess the effectiveness of these models. Among them, the CNN-XGB hybrid model consistently demonstrated superior performance across all evaluation metrics, establishing it as the most reliable predictor in this study. Rajshahi district’s satellite dataset showed an RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) of 0.65 mm/day, MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 0.28 mm/day, and R<sup>2</sup> of 0.99. In the ground dataset, Rajshahi district beat other models with an RMSE of 16.28 mm/month, MAE of 7.85 mm/month, and R<sup>2</sup> of 0.98. These findings demonstrate the model’s efficacy across several data sources. To enhance the interpretability of the proposed CNN-XGB model, we deployed the SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) explainer, providing insights into the model’s decision-making process. This research highlights the potential of hybrid models in enhancing rainfall prediction accuracy while providing transparency through explainable AI techniques. Beyond hydrology, the predicted rainfall patterns provide essential inputs for urban planners to optimize land-use zoning in flood-prone areas, and guide resilient infrastructure development. </p><h2 dir="ltr">Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Neural Computing and Applications<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11646-z" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11646-z</a></p>2025-10-06T03:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1007/s00521-025-11646-zhttps://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Explainable_deep_learning_for_rainfall_prediction_A_CNN-XGBoost_hybrid_approach_in_the_northern_region_of_Bangladesh/31168447CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/311684472025-10-06T03:00:00Z
spellingShingle Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh
Md Safayet Islam (23073187)
Environmental sciences
Ecological applications
Environmental management
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Data management and data science
Rainfall Prediction
Hybrid Deep Learning Models
CNN-XGB
Explainable AI in Hydrology
status_str publishedVersion
title Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh
title_full Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh
title_fullStr Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh
title_short Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh
title_sort Explainable deep learning for rainfall prediction: A CNN-XGBoost hybrid approach in the northern region of Bangladesh
topic Environmental sciences
Ecological applications
Environmental management
Information and computing sciences
Artificial intelligence
Data management and data science
Rainfall Prediction
Hybrid Deep Learning Models
CNN-XGB
Explainable AI in Hydrology