The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism
<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that affects 10 times more females than males, with substantial health impacts. The role of estrogen‐containing oral contraceptives (OCPs) in influencing thyroid function remains relatively underexplo...
محفوظ في:
| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
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| مؤلفون آخرون: | , , , , |
| منشور في: |
2025
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| الموضوعات: | |
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| _version_ | 1864513537600126976 |
|---|---|
| author | Lama Alkahlout (22392196) |
| author2 | Shahd Hamran (22392199) Nour Darwish (22392202) Yara Dweidri (22392205) Giridhara R. Babu (9516785) Rafif Mahmood Al Saady (22330120) |
| author2_role | author author author author author |
| author_facet | Lama Alkahlout (22392196) Shahd Hamran (22392199) Nour Darwish (22392202) Yara Dweidri (22392205) Giridhara R. Babu (9516785) Rafif Mahmood Al Saady (22330120) |
| author_role | author |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Lama Alkahlout (22392196) Shahd Hamran (22392199) Nour Darwish (22392202) Yara Dweidri (22392205) Giridhara R. Babu (9516785) Rafif Mahmood Al Saady (22330120) |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-03-18T09:00:00Z |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1155/ije/5978558 |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Association_Between_Estrogen_Containing_Oral_Contraceptive_Pills_and_Hypothyroidism/30306154 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Biomedical and clinical sciences Medical biochemistry and metabolomics Reproductive medicine Health sciences Epidemiology cross-sectional study estrogen hypothyroidism oral contraceptive pills (OCP) sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | Text Journal contribution info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion text contribution to journal |
| description | <h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that affects 10 times more females than males, with substantial health impacts. The role of estrogen‐containing oral contraceptives (OCPs) in influencing thyroid function remains relatively underexplored. This study investigated the association between estrogen‐containing OCP use and hypothyroidism in the female population in Qatar.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">We utilized data from the Qatar Biobank to conduct a cross‐sectional study of 1001 female participants with a current or previous history of estrogen‐containing OCP use. The thyroid function of the participants was evaluated via thyroid function test parameters (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free tetraiodothyronine (fT4)) as outcomes, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) levels as a proxy indicator of OCP use. We adjusted for confounders such as age, ethnicity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus status via multivariable logistic regression to determine the odds of hypothyroidism associated with SHBG levels.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">Among the 1001 participants, 34 (3.4%) met the diagnostic criteria for hypothyroidism. Multinomial logistic regression revealed no increased odds of hypothyroidism at the 90th percentile cutoff for SHBG levels (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.29–3.50). However, at the 95th percentile of SHBG values, there was 46% higher odds of hypothyroidism (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.33–6.54) and an over tenfold increase at the 99th percentile (OR 10.07, 95% CI 1.94–52.45, p = 0.006). Other variables, such as age, ethnicity, and diabetes status, were not associated with SHBG levels. Non‐Qatari Arabs had higher odds of hypothyroidism compared with that of Qataris (OR 8.06, 95% CI 0.84–77.54, p value 0.071).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">This study offers evidence that SHBG levels can be used to indicate estrogen‐containing OCP use. Furthermore, higher SHBG levels are associated with higher odds of hypothyroidism among OCP users, and the odds of hypothyroidism vary across different ethnicities. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore the mechanisms linking OCP use to thyroid dysfunction and to investigate other potential risk factors.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: International Journal of Endocrinology<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ije/5978558" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ije/5978558</a></p> |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| id | Manara2_fbb739a4fea51091aedfcd38985b9be5 |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1155/ije/5978558 |
| network_acronym_str | Manara2 |
| network_name_str | Manara2 |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:figshare.com:article/30306154 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | CC BY 4.0 |
| spelling | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and HypothyroidismLama Alkahlout (22392196)Shahd Hamran (22392199)Nour Darwish (22392202)Yara Dweidri (22392205)Giridhara R. Babu (9516785)Rafif Mahmood Al Saady (22330120)Biomedical and clinical sciencesMedical biochemistry and metabolomicsReproductive medicineHealth sciencesEpidemiologycross-sectional studyestrogenhypothyroidismoral contraceptive pills (OCP)sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)<h3>Background</h3><p dir="ltr">Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that affects 10 times more females than males, with substantial health impacts. The role of estrogen‐containing oral contraceptives (OCPs) in influencing thyroid function remains relatively underexplored. This study investigated the association between estrogen‐containing OCP use and hypothyroidism in the female population in Qatar.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">We utilized data from the Qatar Biobank to conduct a cross‐sectional study of 1001 female participants with a current or previous history of estrogen‐containing OCP use. The thyroid function of the participants was evaluated via thyroid function test parameters (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free tetraiodothyronine (fT4)) as outcomes, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) levels as a proxy indicator of OCP use. We adjusted for confounders such as age, ethnicity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus status via multivariable logistic regression to determine the odds of hypothyroidism associated with SHBG levels.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">Among the 1001 participants, 34 (3.4%) met the diagnostic criteria for hypothyroidism. Multinomial logistic regression revealed no increased odds of hypothyroidism at the 90th percentile cutoff for SHBG levels (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.29–3.50). However, at the 95th percentile of SHBG values, there was 46% higher odds of hypothyroidism (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.33–6.54) and an over tenfold increase at the 99th percentile (OR 10.07, 95% CI 1.94–52.45, p = 0.006). Other variables, such as age, ethnicity, and diabetes status, were not associated with SHBG levels. Non‐Qatari Arabs had higher odds of hypothyroidism compared with that of Qataris (OR 8.06, 95% CI 0.84–77.54, p value 0.071).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">This study offers evidence that SHBG levels can be used to indicate estrogen‐containing OCP use. Furthermore, higher SHBG levels are associated with higher odds of hypothyroidism among OCP users, and the odds of hypothyroidism vary across different ethnicities. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore the mechanisms linking OCP use to thyroid dysfunction and to investigate other potential risk factors.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: International Journal of Endocrinology<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ije/5978558" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ije/5978558</a></p>2025-03-18T09:00:00ZTextJournal contributioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontextcontribution to journal10.1155/ije/5978558https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Association_Between_Estrogen_Containing_Oral_Contraceptive_Pills_and_Hypothyroidism/30306154CC BY 4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:figshare.com:article/303061542025-03-18T09:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism Lama Alkahlout (22392196) Biomedical and clinical sciences Medical biochemistry and metabolomics Reproductive medicine Health sciences Epidemiology cross-sectional study estrogen hypothyroidism oral contraceptive pills (OCP) sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism |
| title_full | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism |
| title_fullStr | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism |
| title_short | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism |
| title_sort | The Association Between Estrogen‐Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism |
| topic | Biomedical and clinical sciences Medical biochemistry and metabolomics Reproductive medicine Health sciences Epidemiology cross-sectional study estrogen hypothyroidism oral contraceptive pills (OCP) sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) |